The duduk (Armenian: դուդուկ), traditionally known since antiquity as a Ծիրանափող (Tsiranapogh) is a traditional woodwind instrument indigenous to Armenia. Variations of it are popular in the Middle East and Central Asia. The English word is often used generically for a family of ethnic instruments including the doudouk or duduk (դուդուկ), pronounced [duˈduk], also tsiranapogh ծիրանափող, pronounced [ʦiɾɑnɑˈpʰoʁ], literally "apricot horn" in Armenian), the balaban or mey in Turkey, the duduki in Georgia, the balaban in Azerbaijan, the narmeh-ney in Iran, the duduka or dudka in Russia and Ukraine. In the Balkans (see below) a quite different instrument is called by the same name.

The word itself is a loanword ultimately derived from Turkish "düdük", likely of onomatopoeic origin. During the Ottoman occupation of Armenia, usage of the word "duduk" displaced the original name of the instrument, which was known since antiquity as a Tsiranapogh (Armenian: Ծիրանափող).^{[citation needed]} The word dudka in Slavic languages is a diminutive of duda and is of native Slavic origin. This instrument is not to be confused with the northwestern Bulgarian folk instrument of the same name (see below, Balkan duduk). It is a distant relative of East Asian instruments, such as the Chinese guanzi, the Korean piri and the Japanese hichiriki. Unlike other double reed instruments such as the oboe or shawm, the duduk has a very large (in proportion to the instrument) and unflattened reed, and is cylindrical in shape (not conical) giving it a quality closer to a clarinet or saxophone than a double-reed.