Caminha (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐˈmiɲɐ]) is a municipality in the north-west of Portugal, 21 km north from Viana do Castelo, located in the Viana do Castelo District.

The municipality has a total area of 137.4 km² and 16,839 inhabitants (2006).

Caminha is subdivided into 20 parishes, among them Vila Praia de Âncora, Moledo, and Vilar de Mouros. The latter is well-known for the oldest rock festival in Portugal. The seat of the municipality is the town (or vila in Portuguese) of Caminha, with 2,500 inhabitants.

The present Mayor is Júlia Paula Pires Pereira da Costa, elected by the Social Democratic Party.

The municipal holiday is Easter Monday.

Caminha is located 2 km from the Atlantic Ocean, on the southern side of the Minho estuary, where this river is met by the smaller and meandering Coura. Here the Minho reaches its widest point (about 2 km) and marks the border between Portugal and Spain. The highly scenic area, with the wide estuary marked by low-tide sandbars, a pastoral and green rural landscape, and pine forests on the slopes of the granitic mountains is increasingly popular for second homes and as a summer resort.

Álvaro Caminha was appointed by King John II of Portugal in 1492 Captain-major (governor) – apparently the second – of São Tomé and Príncipe which had been discovered 22 years earlier.

He was a knight of the king's household and was told to settle and "Christianize" the then deserted island with his family and friars, and for that purpose was apparently given the children of Spanish Jewish refugees from Granada, which had not been able to pay the tax requested by the king, and who were married to Black people from the Congo.