- published: 20 Mar 2016
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Rationality is the quality or state of being reasonable, based on facts or reason. Rationality implies the conformity of one's beliefs with one's reasons to believe, or of one's actions with one's reasons for action. "Rationality" has different specialized meanings in economics, sociology, psychology, evolutionary biology and political science.
Determining optimality for rational behavior requires a quantifiable formulation of the problem, and making several key assumptions. When the goal or problem involves making a decision, rationality factors in how much information is available (e.g. complete or incomplete knowledge). Collectively, the formulation and background assumptions are the model within which rationality applies. Illustrating the relativity of rationality: if one accepts a model in which benefitting oneself is optimal, then rationality is equated with behavior that is self-interested to the point of being selfish; whereas if one accepts a model in which benefiting the group is optimal, then purely selfish behavior is deemed irrational. It is thus meaningless to assert rationality without also specifying the background model assumptions describing how the problem is framed and formulated.
Why Rationality Is WRONG! - A Critique Of Rationalism
A Psychological Perspective on Rationality - 2013 Arthur M. Okun Public Policy Lecture
10. Evolution, Emotion, and Reason: Evolution and Rationality
Models of Rationality & the Psychology of Reasoning
24. Suicide, Part I: The rationality of suicide
Rationality and Religiosity
Rationality vs. Logic
Julia Galef on Applied Rationality & CFAR
Behavioral Economics - Rationality Assumptions
[official] Rationality of Belief in God - Peter Kreeft at Iowa State University
Rational Thinking - An exploration of the common misunderstandings that rational or "logical" people have about the limits of their rationality. The Ultimate Life Purpose Course - Create Your Dream Career: http://www.actualized.org/life-purpose-course Leo's Top 140 Self Help Books http://www.actualized.org/books Actualized.org Forum http://www.actualized.org/forum/
Professor Daniel Kahneman, Nobel Prize winner in Economics, elaborates on his view of rationality in everyday as well as economic decision-making. Along the lines of his book "Thinking, Fast and Slow," he characterizes people's path to decisions as the interaction of the fast, heuristic, and intuitive System 1 and the slower, effortful, and deliberate System 2.
Introduction to Psychology (PSYC 110) This lecture introduces students to the study of psychology from an evolutionary perspective, the idea that like the body, natural selection has shaped the development of the human mind. Prominent arguments for and against the theory of natural selection and its relationship to human psychology are reviewed. Students will hear several examples of how studying mental phenomenon from an evolutionary perspective can help constrain theories in psychology as well as explain many prevalent human instincts that underlie many of our most basic behaviors and decisions. 00:00 - Chapter 1. The Modern Biological Account of the Origin of Psychological Phenomena 13:35 - Chapter 2. Avoiding Misconceptions When Applying Evolutionary Theory to Psychology 22:38 - Chap...
Vincenzo Crupi (Turin) gives a talk at MCMP. Abstract: Diagnoses of rationality and irrationality often arise from the experimental investigation of human reasoning. Relying on joint work with Vittorio Girotto, I will suggest that such diagnoses can be disputed on various grounds, and provide a classification. I will then argue that much fruitful research done with classical experimental paradigms was triggered by normative concerns and yet fostered insight in properly psychological terms. My examples include the selection task, the conjunction fallacy, and so-called pseudodiagnosticity. Conclusion: normative considerations retain a constructive role for the psychology of reasoning, contrary to recent complaints in the literature.
Death (PHIL 176) This is the first of a series of lectures on suicide. Two very distinct contexts are presented in which the subject can be further explored. The first is rationality and the question of under what circumstances it makes sense to end one's own life. The second is morality and the question of whether we can ever ethically justify resorting to suicide. The lecture's focus is on the rational requirements of suicide, and Professor Kagan introduces a number of cases which demonstrate that ending one's life, in certain instances, may be rationally sound. 00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction to Suicide: Does it Make Sense? Distinguishing Issues of Rationality and Morality 05:14 - Chapter 2. When Is It Rational to Commit Suicide? Problems with the Two-State Requirement 17:11 - Chapt...
I don't normally engage in these kinds of conversations because both sides are so passionately dug into their positions that neither will ever budge, but I humored it one time on stream. This is a discussion that revolves around "reasons to be religious" and whether or not a belief in the afterlife is healthy or damaging to your psyche.
Julia Galef's talk at EA in Melbourne, Australia - http://www.meetup.com/EAMelbourne/ CFAR: http://rationality.org - Ever made a mistake? Missed an opportunity? Cognitive scientists have found that even highly educated and successful people make predictable errors in judgement, and just knowing about these experimental results often isn't enough to fix the problem. But with practice and exercises, you can. At our workshops, you can learn about newly discovered failure patterns in human decision-making, and get trained to overcome them... --- Part of a meetup in Melbourne titled 'The Mind and Altruism': The challenges we face in making the world a better place are more complex than even the smartest human brains evolved to handle. To actually eliminate poverty, cure disease, and stop w...
This video outlines the assumptions of economic rationality (and discusses how such assumptions are unreasonable if taken literally), as told to my students at Northeastern University. For more information and a complete listing of videos and online articles by topic or textbook chapter, see http://www.economistsdoitwithmodels.com/economics-classroom/ For t-shirts and other EDIWM items, see http://www.economistsdoitwithmodels.com/merch/ By Jodi Beggs - Economists Do It With Models http://www.economistsdoitwithmodels.com Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/economistsdoitwithmodels Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/jodiecongirl Tumblr: http://economistsdoitwithmodels.tumblr.com
http://www.veritas.org/Talks - Is there a God? How do we know? If we have faith in God, isn't it just a shot in the dark? And how is it reasonable to believe in God given the evidence that the existence of evil provides? Join Dr. Peter Kreeft in a discussion of some of life's hardest questions, as he explores the rationality of belief in God. Full library available AD FREE at http://www.veritas.org/talks. Over the past two decades, The Veritas Forum has been hosting vibrant discussions on life's hardest questions and engaging the world's leading colleges and universities with Christian perspectives and the relevance of Jesus. Learn more at http://www.veritas.org, with upcoming events and over 600 pieces of media on topics including science, philosophy, music, business, medicine, and more...