San Miguel, Spanish for Saint Michael, describes numerous locations.

Places in the world[link]

Argentina[link]

• San Miguel Partido
• San Miguel, Buenos Aires
• San Miguel Arcángel (Buenos Aires), a Volga German colony in Adolfo Alsina Partido, Buenos Aires Province
• San Miguel del Monte Partido
• San Miguel del Monte
• San Miguel, Corrientes
• San Miguel Department, Corrientes
• San Miguel de Tucumán

Bolivia[link]

• San Miguel de Velasco
• San Miguel del Bala, a little community in the rainforest on the Beni River, near Rurrenabaque

Brazil[link]

• The San Miguel Mission, called São Miguel das Missões in Portuguese

Canada[link]

• Fort San Miguel, a fort by Vancouver Island

Chile[link]

• San Miguel, Chile, in Santiago

Colombia[link]

• San Miguel, Putumayo, a town and municipality in the Putumayo Department
• San Miguel de Sema a town and municipality in the Boyacá Department

Cuba[link]

• San Miguel del Padrón, a town and municipality in Havana

Ecuador[link]

• San Miguel, Ecuador
• San Miguel de los Bancos
• San Miguel River (Ecuador)

El Salvador[link]

• San Miguel (volcano)
• San Miguel Department, El Salvador
• San Miguel, El Salvador, capital of the forementioned department

Honduras[link]

• San Miguel Guancapla, sometimes called San Miguelito, a town and municipality in the Intibucá Department

Mexico[link]

• San Miguel, Tabasco
• San Miguel, Quintana Roo, the biggest city on the island Cozumel
• San Miguel River (Sonora)
• San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato
• San Miguel de Horcasitas, in the state of Sonora
• San Miguel Totocuitlapilco, in the State of México
• San Miguel Coyutlan, in the state of Jalisco
• San Miguel el Alto, in the state of Jalisco
• Misión San Miguel Arcángel de la Frontera, a Spanish Dominican mission in Ensenada, Baja California

Paraguay[link]

• San Miguel District, Paraguay, (Misiones Department)

Peru[link]

• San Miguel, La Mar, Ayacucho, (Ayacucho Region)
• San Miguel District, Lima
• San Miguel Province, (Cajamarca Region)

Philippines[link]

• San Miguel, former name of Cebu
• San Miguel Bay
• San Miguel, Bohol
• San Miguel, Bulacan
• San Miguel, Catanduanes
• San Miguel, Iloilo
• San Miguel, Manila
• San Miguel, Leyte
• San Miguel, Surigao del Sur
• San Miguel, Zamboanga del Sur

Spain[link]

• San Miguel, Barcelona, The tradename San Miguel, originates from this local brewery town

United States[link]

• San Miguel, Contra Costa County, California, census designated place
• San Miguel, San Luis Obispo County, California, census designated place
  • Mission San Miguel Arcángel, located in the above
• San Miguel de los Noches, California, former settlement in Kern County
• San Miguel Island, the westernmost of California's Channel Islands
• San Miguel County, New Mexico
• San Miguel River (Colorado)

Venezuela[link]

• San Miguel, Monagas State, a town of Monagas.

Churches[link]

• San Miguel Mission, Santa Fe, New Mexico
• San Miguel de Socorro, Socorro, New Mexico
• San Miguel Arcángel Church, Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico

Ships[link]

• SS San Miguel, a ship
• San Miguel, a 28-gun Spanish ship captured by the Royal Navy and renamed HMS Coventry (1658)

Forts[link]

Fort San Miguel or Fuerte (de) San Miguel is the name of various military forts around the world:

• Fort San Miguel, Vancouver Island, Canada
• Fuerte de San Miguel de Ahuí, Chile
• Fuerte de San Miguel (Dominican Republic)
• Fort San Miguel (Malta)
• Fuerte de San Miguel (Campeche), Mexico
• Fuerte San Miguel (Melilla), Spain
• Fuerte San Miguel (Uruguay)

Other[link]

• "San Miguel" (song), recorded by The Beach Boys
• San Miguel (song), recorded by the Kingston Trio and Lonnie Donegan (among others)

See also[link]

• Saint Michael (disambiguation)
• San Michele (disambiguation)
• San Miguel Beer (disambiguation)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Grove in the 1890s

Sir George Grove, CB (13 August 1820 – 28 May 1900) was an English writer on music, known as the founding editor of Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians.

Grove was trained as a civil engineer, and successful in that profession, but his love of music drew him into musical administration. When responsible for the regular orchestral concerts at the Crystal Palace, he wrote a series of programme notes from which eventually grew his musical dictionary. His interest in the music of Franz Schubert, which was neglected in England at that point in the nineteenth century, led him and his friend Arthur Sullivan to go to Vienna in search of undiscovered Schubert manuscripts. Their researches led to their discovery of the lost score of Schubert's Rosamunde music in 1867.

Grove was the first director of the Royal College of Music, from its foundation in 1883 until his retirement in 1894. He recruited leading musicians including Hubert Parry and Charles Villiers Stanford as members of the College faculty and established a close working relationship with London's older conservatoire, the Royal Academy of Music.

In addition to his musical work, Grove had a deep and scholarly knowledge of the Bible. He contributed to the English literature on the subject, including a concordance in 1854 and about a thousand pages of Sir William Smith's 1863 Bible Dictionary.

Biography[link]

Early years[link]

Grove was born in Clapham, the eighth of the eleven children of Thomas Grove (1774–1852), fishmonger and venison dealer, and his wife, Mary (1784–1856), née Blades.^[1] He went to a preparatory school, on Clapham Common, where one of his schoolfellows was George Granville Bradley, later Dean of Westminster, whose sister Grove subsequently married.^[2] He next entered Stockwell (later known as Clapham) Grammar School, run by Charles Pritchard, the astronomer, who was inspired by the progressive principles of King’s College, London. The educational curriculum was based on classics, divinity, mathematics and natural philosophy, and rigorously tested by annual examination. Pritchard also encouraged his pupils to develop interests in literature and music.^[3] Grove was a regular worshipper at Holy Trinity church, Clapham, where he heard the music of Bach and Handel. By the age of sixteen, he was competent in classics and mathematics; he left the school in 1836 and was apprenticed to Alexander Gordon, a well-known civil engineer in Westminster. In his free time, he immersed himself in music, attending concerts and studying scores.^[1]

Some of Grove's engineering mentors: Stephenson, Brunel and Barry

After completing his apprenticeship, Grove was admitted as a graduate of the Institution of Civil Engineers, in 1839. A year later he went to Glasgow, gaining further experience in the factory of Robert Napier.^[2] In 1841 Grove had an affair with a woman called Elizabeth Blackwell, who gave birth to his illegitimate son, George Grove Blackwell, in March 1842. Between 1841 and 1846, Grove spent most of his time in the West Indies, as resident engineer during the building of cast-iron lighthouses.^[3] After this he joined the staff of the Chester and Holyhead Railway and then became assistant to Edwin Clark, working on the Britannia Bridge across the Menai Strait. An account of the first floating of the tubes of the bridge is recorded in The Spectator of 23 June 1849, which was Grove's first appearance in print.^[4] During this period, he lived in Chester, hearing music in the cathedral and also becoming familiar with Welsh folksong.^[3]

Music and biblical scholarship[link]

While working on the Britannia Bridge Grove came into contact with Robert Stephenson, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Sir Charles Barry and other eminent visitors to the works. "These distinguished men", Grove later recalled, "noticed me and were as good as gold to me. They counselled me to go to London and forced me into the secretaryship of the Society of Arts, then vacant by the retirement of Mr. Scott Russell."^[5] This was in 1849, when the Great Exhibition of 1851 was in preparation. Grove was the society's secretary for the duration of the exhibition. On 23 December 1851, he married Harriet Bradley, the sister of his old school friend George Bradley. After the Great Exhibition closed in 1852, its principal building, known as "the Crystal Palace", was dismantled and rebuilt in the south London suburb of Sydenham as a centre for education, the arts and leisure. Grove was appointed secretary of the Crystal Palace. He engaged a wind band and a conductor, Heinrich Schallehn. The latter was found to be unsatisfactory, and was replaced by August Manns, who, with Grove's encouragement, developed the band into a full-sized symphony orchestra. With programmes chosen by Grove and Manns, the Crystal Palace concerts became a central feature of London's musical scene and remained so until the end of the century.^[1] Grove wrote the programme notes for the concerts. In 1901, a biographer wrote:

August Manns, Grove's musical director

The daily and weekly orchestral performances at Sydenham prompted those admirable analytical notices of musical compositions with which the name of George Grove was so long and is so favourably associated. He had always shown a great fondness for music, but had never received any technical training in the art. Entirely self-taught, his knowledge was acquired solely by ‘picking up’ information. "I wish it to be distinctly understood," he said, "that I have always been a mere amateur in music. I wrote about the symphonies and concertos because I wished to try to make them clear to myself and to discover the secret of the things that charmed me so; and from that sprang a wish to make other amateurs see it in the same way."^[2]

Grove's musical analyses avoided all hint of technical jargon and tried to make to clear everyone who read them what, in Grove's opinion, listeners should be aware of in each piece. In a note on Mozart's Symphony No. 39, after referring to Mozart's extraordinary productivity in the year 1788, Grove wrote:

The circumstances which necessitated such fearful exertion on this and many other occasions in Mozart's life we have no means of ascertaining. Whatever they were, they were in accordance with a common custom of Nature. She seems to delight in condemning her most gifted sons to an ordeal the very reverse of that which we should anticipate. It seems equally true in Art and in Morals, that it is not by indulgence and favour, but by difficulty and trouble, that the spirit is formed; and in all ages of the world our Davids, Shakspeares, Dantes, Mozarts, and Beethovens must submit to processes which none but their great spirits could survive – to a fiery trial of poverty, ill health, neglect, and misunderstanding – and be "tried as silver is tried," that they may become the teachers of their fellow-men to all time, and shine, like stars in the firmament, for ever and ever.^[5]

Grove's Crystal Palace programme notes did not concentrate solely on his favourite Austro-German composers. He embraced a representative selection of composers, notably the Frenchmen Berlioz, Bizet, Delibes, Gounod, Massenet and Saint-Saëns, and the rising generations of British composers – Arthur Sullivan, Hubert Parry, Charles Villiers Stanford, Hamish MacCunn, Edward German and Granville Bantock.^[6]

Franz Schubert (top), whose music Grove and Arthur Sullivan (below) rediscovered in 1867

Among the composers whom Grove sought to popularise was Schubert, whose music was largely neglected in England. Grove and Manns presented the first performance in England of the Great C major Symphony. Together with his friend Arthur Sullivan, Grove went to Vienna in 1867 in search of Schubert manuscripts. They found and copied several, and were particularly excited about their final discovery, which Grove described thus: "I found, at the bottom of the cupboard, and in its farthest corner, a bundle of music-books two feet high, carefully tied round, and black with the undisturbed dust of nearly half-a-century. … These were the part-books of the whole of the music in Rosamunde, tied up after the second performance in December, 1823, and probably never disturbed since. Dr. Schneider [curator] must have been amused at our excitement; but let us hope that he recollected his own days of rapture; at any rate, he kindly overlooked it, and gave us permission to take away with us and copy what we wanted."^[5]

In the early years of the Crystal Palace, Grove devoted much of his leisure time to Biblical scholarship. Discovering that that there was no full concordance of the proper names in the Bible, Grove, helped by his wife, began work in 1853 making a complete index of each occurrence of every proper name in the Bible, including the Apocrypha.^[3] Between 1860 and 1863, Grove was assistant editor to Sir William Smith in a comprehensive Bible dictionary, contributing more than a thousand pages. Some entries written by Grove, such as that on the prophet Elijah, were equivalent almost to book-length.^[3] He visited the Holy Land in 1859 and 1861, and helped to found the Palestine Exploration Fund, of which he became honorary secretary, labouring incessantly on its behalf.^[1] The Archbishop of York said that Grove was "virtually the founder and institutor of the Society, and has done wonders for it throughout."^[5] Grove later observed, "People will insist on thinking of me as a musician, which I really am not in the very least degree. I took quite as much interest in my investigations into the natural features and the little towns of Palestine which I did for Smith's Dictionary of the Bible or for Arthur Stanley's Sinai and Palestine, as I did for Beethoven and Mendelssohn, indeed perhaps more so."^[7]

Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians[link]

After nearly twenty years of service at the Crystal Palace, Grove resigned the secretaryship at the end of 1873 and accepted an offer from the publishers Macmillan and Co. to join their staff and become a director of the firm. He edited Macmillan's Magazine and wrote a primer of geography for Macmillan's "History Primers". By far the most important outcome of his connection with Macmillan was the Dictionary of Music and Musicians, for which his name is best remembered. The idea of the dictionary was entirely his own. He stated, in the prospectus of the dictionary, in March 1874, "The want of English works on the history, theory, or practice of Music, or the biographies of musicians accessible to the non-professional reader, has long been a subject of remark."

Grove conceived of a work to fill the gap he had identified; he originally proposed two volumes of about 600 pages each, but by the time of its first publication, it ran to four volumes containing a total of 3,125 pages.^[5] It was issued by Macmillan in alphabetical volumes over a 12-year period ending in 1889. Grove criticised Parry, a leading contributor, for being "inclined to be wordy and diffuse", but articles by Grove on his own particular interests, Beethoven, Mendelssohn and Schubert, were even longer.^[6] The Musical Times wrote of the work, "His masterly biographies of Beethoven, Mendelssohn, and Schubert are models of biographical literature, and are written in a most fascinating style. He made two special journeys to Germany to obtain materials for his Mendelssohn article, and more than two to Vienna in connection with Schubert and Beethoven."^[5]

Royal College of Music[link]

Grove as head of the Royal College of Music, as seen by Punch

In the 1880s, London's musical academies were in poor shape. The Royal Academy of Music was moribund, and the National Training School for Music, of which Sullivan was the reluctant and ineffectual head, was in financial and administrative difficulties.^[6] There was a proposal to merge the two bodies to create a single effective conservatoire, but the Royal Academy insisted on retaining its independence and later revitalised itself under the leadership of Alexander Mackenzie.^[8] The National Training School was re-formed as the Royal College of Music in 1882, and Grove was appointed its first director.^[1] Throughout 1882 he led a successful fund-raising campaign that ensured the official opening of the new college by the Prince of Wales on 7 May 1883. Grove received a knighthood on the same day. The teaching staff, whom he appointed, were led by Parry and Stanford, and, as a biographer of Grove says, "carried the college with distinction into the twentieth century."

Grove focused the College's attention on two main activities: practical training and examining. He was determined to raise the general standard of orchestral playing by replacing the existing ad hoc methods of apprentice-based training, private lessons, or study abroad.^[9] His second focus, examination, followed the Victorian trend to form professional bodies regulating and standardising the activity of members of each profession. An example is the Institution of Civil Engineers to which Grove had been admitted in 1839.^[9] When the Royal Charter establishing the College was being drawn up, Grove ensured that, unlike the Royal Academy, the College should have degree-awarding powers.^[9] Mackenzie, seeing the prospect that the new institution would overshadow the Academy, successfully proposed that both bodies should award qualifications jointly. Grove agreed, realising that this course would do much to dispel the damaging hostility that existed between the Academy and the College.

The Royal College of Music

The new Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music thus formed offered musical qualifications to external candidates from anywhere in the British Empire who could meet its rigorous standards. 1,141 candidates entered for the first examinations in 1890, despite the high entry fee of two guineas. The income helped both institutions to keep their own student fees at an affordable level, which enabled the College to make a full three-year course of study its basic standard.^[9] Because of the thorough training thus offered, the high standard of playing of the College's students quickly became known. Leading musicians willingly appeared with the College orchestra, including Joseph Joachim and Hans Richter. Manns, Eugène Ysaÿe and Bernard Shaw praised it strongly.^[9] The historian David Wright says of Grove's legacy: "The founding of the RCM in 1883 clearly represents the major turning point for musical training in Britain. The new attitudes it espoused stemmed directly from the professionalizing ethos that modernized and transformed Victorian society."^[9]

Retirement and last years[link]

Grove retired at Christmas 1894, when he was succeeded by Parry. By this time, a new building had been constructed for the College. In 1896 Grove's Beethoven and his Nine Symphonies, "addressed to the amateurs of this country", appeared.^[2] Early in 1899, Grove's health began to fail, and he died, aged 79, on 28 May 1900, in the house at Sydenham in which he had lived for nearly 40 years.^[3] He was buried in the Brockley and Ladywell Cemeteries.

Notes[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: George Grove

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: George Grove

Wikisource has original works written by or about: George Grove

Jim Moran
Official Congressional portrait from 2006
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 8th district
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 1991
Preceded by	Stanford Parris
Mayor of Alexandria, Virginia
In office 1985–1990
Preceded by	Charles E. Beatley
Succeeded by	Patsy Ticer
Personal details
Born	James Patrick Moran, Jr. (1945-05-16) May 16, 1945 (age 67) Buffalo, New York, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	LuAnn L. Bennett (m. 2004–2006) Mary Howard (1988–2003)
Relations	James Patrick Moran (father) Brian Moran (brother)
Children	Four
Residence	Arlington, Virginia, U.S.
Alma mater	College of the Holy Cross (B.A.) University of Pittsburgh (M.P.A.)
Occupation	Investment broker Federal employee
Signature
Website	Official House website Campaign website

James Patrick "Jim" Moran, Jr. ( /mɵˈræn/; born May 16, 1945) is the U.S. Representative for Virginia's 8th congressional district, serving since 1991. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district is located in Northern Virginia and includes the cities of Falls Church and Alexandria, all of Arlington County, and a portion of Fairfax County.

Jim Moran was the mayor of Alexandria, Virginia for five years from 1985 to 1990, when he resigned to run for Congress. He defeated Republican incumbent Stanford Parris in the general election on November 6, 1990, and was sworn in the following January. Since then he has served ten consecutive terms as a member of the Congress. He is of Irish descent and is the son of professional football player James Patrick Moran, Sr. and the brother of Democratic Party of Virginia Chairman Brian Moran.

Early life, education, and business career[link]

Moran, the oldest of seven children, was born in Buffalo, New York, and grew up in Natick, Massachusetts, a working-class suburb west of Boston. His parents were Dorothy (Dwyer) and James Patrick Moran, Sr., a professional football player for the Boston Redskins in 1935 and 1936; outside of football he worked as a probation officer.^[1] Both his father and mother were Roosevelt Democrats and supporters of the New Deal. Moran attended Marian High School in Framingham, Massachusetts.

Moran played college football on an athletic scholarship at the College of the Holy Cross,^[2] where his father had been a football star in the early 1930s. Moran was awarded a B.A. in economics in 1967. In 1970 he received a Master of Public Administration from the University of Pittsburgh. During a campaign in 1992, Moran admitted that he had tried marijuana during his early twenties.^[3]

After a brief career as a stockbroker, and attending graduate school, Moran moved to Washington, D.C.^[2]

Early political career[link]

He worked for five years at the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, as a budget officer, then became a senior specialist for budgetary and fiscal policy at the Library of Congress. His final position, from 1976 to 1979, was on the staff of U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations.^[4]

In 1979, Moran was elected to the Alexandria, Virginia, City Council. He was deputy mayor from 1982 until his resignation in 1984 as part of a nolo contendere plea bargain to a misdemeanor conflict of interest charge, which courts later erased. The incident stemmed from charges that Moran had used money from a political action committee to rent a tuxedo and buy Christmas cards; both of which were later judged by the Commonwealth Attorney to "fit the definition of constituent services", and were dismissed.^[5]

In 1985 Moran was elected Mayor of Alexandria. He was reelected in 1988,^[6] and resigned after he was elected to Congress in November 1990.

U.S. House of Representatives[link]

Elections[link]

In 1990, Moran first won election to the United States House of Representatives, defeating Republican incumbent Stanford Parris. During the campaign, Parris compared Moran to Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein; saying that "The only three people I know who support Saddam Hussein's position are Moammar Gadhafi, Yasser Arafat and Jim Moran." Moran angrily responded by saying that Parris was a "a deceitful, fatuous jerk", and that he wanted "to break his nose".^[7][8] Moran's well-financed campaign also focused on Parris' opposition to abortion. Moran upset Parris, winning by 7.1 percent.^[9] He was sworn into office in January 1991.^[10][10]

In the next two elections, Moran faced Republican lawyer Kyle McSlarrow. During the 1992 campaign, McSlarrow accused Moran of "lying to the public". Moran responded by portraying McSlarrow as a drug abuser, referring to the candidate's admitted use of cocaine and marijuana while at the University of Virginia.^[11] Moran compared McSlarrow to Parris, saying that Parris had "[t]en times more integrity than McSlarrow. He didn't create lies."^[12] In 1994, Moran's daughter Dorothy was suffering from an inoperable brain tumor. (She is still alive as of 2011.) During the campaign, neither Moran or McSlarrow used the negative tactics of two years earlier. On his campaign strategy that election, McSlarrow said "It would not be a community service to shut down this campaign, but I probably will not talk much about Moran."^[13]

In 1998 and 2000, Moran faced Republican and flat tax advocate Demaris H. Miller. In the 1998 campaign Miller accused Moran of flip-flopping in his support of President Bill Clinton, after Moran, who had been a vocal supporter of the Clinton White House, voted in favor of opening an impeachment inquiry following the Monica Lewinsky scandal.^[14]

In 2008, Moran beat a primary challenger with 86% of the vote. In the general election, he faced Republican Mark Ellmore and Independent Green Ron Fisher. He won with 68 percent of the vote to Elmore's 30 percent.^[15]

In November 2009 Ellmore announced he would again challenge Moran, but dropped out of the race four months later.^[16] In the June 2010 Republican primary, attorney Matthew Berry narrowly lost to retired U.S. Army Colonel J. Patrick Murray, after a last-minute mailing attacking Berry's homosexuality.^[17][18] Fisher again was on the ballot.^[19] During the campaign, Moran was criticized by military advocacy groups and conservatives for saying, at a local Democratic committee meeting, that Murray had not "served or performed any kind of public service".^{[20][21][22][23]} Moran responded by commending Murray's military service, while saying that he used the phrase in relation to Murray not having engaged in "local civic engagement" and not having served in local office.^[24] In November 2010, Moran was re-elected to an eleventh term with 61% of the vote.^[25]

Tenure[link]

Moran represents Virginia's 8th congressional district, an area in Northern Virginia that is just across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C.; the district includes Arlington county, and the cities of Alexandria and Falls Church. The redistricting that followed the 2000 census also gave Moran a portion of Reston, Virginia. His district is located in the Dulles Technology Corridor and is the home of many federal defense contractors as well as a significant number of those who work in the information technology industry. Many federal employees also reside within the district, mostly due to its proximity to Washington and because both the United States Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency, among others, are headquartered there.^[26]

During the mid nineties, Moran co-founded and later co-chaired the Democratic Leadership Council, a coalition of Democratic lawmakers who consider themselves to be moderates with regard to commerce, budgeting, and economic legislation, but vote as a liberal on social issues.^[27] Moran is also a member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus (CPC), the largest caucus operating within the Democratic caucus, which works to advance progressive issues and opinions. He joined the caucus prior to the 111th Congress.^[28][29]

1990s[link]

In 1995, Moran had to be restrained by the Capitol Police after a shoving match with California Republican Duke Cunningham on the house floor over President Bill Clinton's decision to send U.S. troops to Bosnia. "I thought he had been bullying too many people for too long, and I told him so," Moran recalled. "He said he didn't mean to be so accusatory ... After that, he would bring me candy from California." Moran said that after the encounter he found Cunningham crying in the cloakroom.^[30]

During the final years of the Clinton administration, Moran was critical of the President: In 1998, during the Monica Lewinsky scandal, Moran was one of only 31 House Democrats to support launching a formal impeachment inquiry into President Bill Clinton. He told Time magazine that "This whole sordid mess is just too tawdry and tedious and embarrassing ... It's like a novel that just became too full of juicy parts and bizarre, sleazy characters."^[31] Moran is also reported to have told First Lady Hillary Clinton that if she had been his sister, he would have punched her husband in the nose. Moran eventually decided not to vote for impeachment, explaining that Clinton had not compromised the country's security, and that he still respected him for what he had accomplished as President. Moran proposed a resolution demanding that Clinton confess to a pattern of "dishonest and illegal conduct" surrounding his sexual involvement with Monica Lewinsky.^[32][33]

2000s[link]

Moran has been voted High Technology Legislator of the Year by the Information Technology Industry Council and has been voted into the American Electronics Association Hall of Fame for his work on avoiding the Year 2000 crisis and his support of the IT Industry and defense contractors in Northern Virginia. He cosponsored failed bills in 2005 to provide the District of Columbia with a House seat and to prohibit slaughter of horses.^[34][35]

On April 28, 2006, Moran, along with four other members of Congress (the now-deceased Rep. Tom Lantos of California, Sheila Jackson Lee of Texas, and James McGovern and John Olver of Massachusetts), and six other activists, was arrested for disorderly conduct in front of the Sudanese embassy in Washington, D.C., and spent 45 minutes in a jail cell before being released. They were protesting the alleged role of Sudan's government in ethnic cleansing in Darfur. According to the San Francisco Chronicle, "Their protest and civil disobedience was designed to embarrass the military dictatorship's ongoing genocide of its non-Arab citizens."^[36]

The day after the Virginia Tech Massacre in 2007, Moran told a local radio station that the assault weapons ban should be reinstated and blamed the National Rifle Association, which he accused of getting a "free ride", and President George W. Bush for blocking gun control legislation. He further warned that if gun control legislation was not passed, then shootings such as the one at Virginia Tech will happen "time and time again." He later dismissed charges that he was politicizing the shooting, telling Politico that "as a legislator, your immediate reaction is to think something could be done to avoid this. I don't know why the idea of figuring out how to avoid it is a political partisan issue."^[37]

Shortly before the June 2008 Virginia Democratic primary, Moran endorsed Senator Barack Obama of Illinois for the presidency over New York Senator and former First Lady Hillary Clinton. Explaining his endorsement, he told a local newspaper that the long term goal of closing Alexandria's coal-fired power plant would be more attainable under Obama than under Clinton. Obama won the Virginia primary, and carried the state when he won the general election in November.^[38]

In May 2009, Moran introduced a bill that would restrict broadcast advertisements for erectile dysfunction or male enhancement medication. He said that such ads were indecent and should be prohibited on radio and television between the hours of 6 am and 10 pm, in accordance with Federal Communications Commission policy. Later that year, Moran and former presidential candidate and former Governor of Vermont Howard Dean held a town hall meeting on the issue of health care at South Lakes High School in Reston, Virginia. The meeting was interrupted several times by protesters, most notably pro-life activist Randall Terry, who, along with about half a dozen supporters, caused such a commotion that he had to be escorted out by police. The incident was replayed several times over the next few weeks on television as an example of the tension at town halls that fall.^[39][40]

In February 2010, on the House floor, Moran called for the repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell, the military policy of discharging soldiers on active duty who are openly homosexual. He spoke about a letter penned by a gay soldier who was then serving in the Afghanistan War, who had "learned that a fellow soldier was also gay, only after he was killed by an IED in Iraq. The partner of the deceased soldier wrote the unit to say how much the victim had loved the military; how they were the only family he had ever known... This immutable human trait, sexual orientation, like the color of one's skin, does not affect one’s integrity, their honor, our commitment to their country. Soldiers serving their country in combat should not have their sacrifices compounded by having to struggle with an antiquated Don’t ask, don’t tell policy. Let's do the right and honorable thing and repeal this policy."^[41][42]

As a member of the House Appropriations Committee, Moran has worked to allocate federal funding to projects in Northern Virginia, usually in the technology and defense industries. He also assisted in authorizing the replacement of the Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge, a bridge between Alexandria, Virginia, and Prince George's County, Maryland, which had gained a reputation over the years among Northern Virginia residents as the site of numerous rush-hour traffic jams.^[4][43]

On March 9, 2010, Moran was named to succeed Norm Dicks of Washington as the chairman of the House Interior Appropriations Subcommittee. The chairmanship gave Moran authority over appropriations to the Department of the Interior, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the National Endowment for the Arts; among other things. Moran said he was excited to be able to play a role in protecting the environment and conserving natural resources.^[44][45]

2010s[link]

Moran became the ranking member of the subcommittee after the Democratic Party lost control of the House of Representatives following the November 2010 elections.

After President Obama's 2011 State of the Union Address, Moran was interviewed by Alhurra, an Arab television network. During the interview, he said, "a lot of people in [the United States of America]...don't want to be governed by an African-American" and that the Democrats lost seats in the 2010 election for "the same reason the Civil War happened in the United States...the Southern states, particularly the slaveholding states, didn't want to see a president who was opposed to slavery."^[46] The remarks received national media attention.^[47][48] The Washington Post's Jennifer Rubin said the remarks were "beyond uncivil" and "obnoxious".^[49]

Jim Moran attending the Rosslyn pit stop at Bike-to-Work Day DC 2012

On March 16, 2012, Moran was arrested outside the Sudanese embassy in Washington, DC at a protest against human rights abuses perpetrated by the Sudanese government, specifically bombings in the Nuba Mountains and refusal to allow humanitarian aid organizations access to refugees. He was charged with disorderly conduct and released, along with George Clooney and several others.^[50][51]

Moran occasionally makes appearances on MSNBC, usually on Hardball with Chris Matthews and The Ed Show.^[52][53]

Committee assignments[link]

• Committee on Appropriations
  • Subcommittee on Defense
  • Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies (Ranking Member)

Caucus memberships[link]

• LGBT Equality Caucus
• Congressional Progressive Caucus
• Congressional Bike Caucus
• New Democrat Coalition (co-founder)
• Sudan Caucus^{[citation needed]}
• Sportsmen's Caucus
• International Conservation Caucus
• Congressional Arts Caucus

Political positions[link]

Social issues[link]

Moran speaking at an event for Mayors Against Illegal Guns.

Moran has voted against the Defense of Marriage Act, the Federal Marriage Amendment, and he was in favor of repealing the military's Don't Ask, Don't Tell policy.^[41] He also supports gun control, voting for the Brady Bill and supporting a reinstatement of the Assault Weapons Ban.^[37][54] At different times he has voted to ban flag-burning and partial-birth abortions, though he has reversed his positions on both issues. On education, he has expressed support for the public education system, universal pre-kindergarten, and full funding for the No Child Left Behind program.^[55] Moran has been given a 100% rating by the NARAL and 0% by the National Right to Life Committee, indicating a pro-choice voting record. He also voted to expand research of embryonic Stem Cells and to allow minors to go across state lines to receive abortions.^[54]

On immigration, Moran supports a pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants and does not support decreasing the number of legal immigrants allowed into the country or the enforcement of federal immigration laws by state and local police.^[56] He was a cosponsor of the Comprehensive Immigration Reform ASAP Act of 2009 (H.R.4321), which the House did not pass.^[57] He has been given an overall immigration reduction grade of D by NumbersUSA.^[58] The American Immigration Lawyers Association has scored him as having voted 31 times for the organization's position and 7 times against the organization's position.^[59]

In September 2009, Moran was one of 75 members of the House of Representatives to vote no on a bill to eliminate any federal funds going to community organizer ACORN.^[60]

Environment[link]

Moran has listed the environment as one of his top issues, citing his high marks from the League of Conservation Voters and the Sierra Club. He has used his positions as a member of the Appropriations Committee and as chairman of the Interior Appropriations Subcommittee to allocate federal funding for hiking trails^[61] and wildlife reserves in his district.^[62]

He has also voted to ban logging on federal lands. He has criticized the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for inaction on climate change, saying that "EPA had a historic opportunity to tackle head-on one of the greatest threats to our existence—global warming. Instead they balked under pressure from the administration, concluding the problem is so complex and controversial that it cannot be resolved." He has also endorsed and voted for the Clean Air Act and says that global warming is an important issue to him.^[54] In 2010, Moran also expressed discontent with President Barack Obama's decision to allow oil drilling off the coast of the United States.^[63][64]

Economy, budget, and taxes[link]

Moran often breaks with his party on economic issues. For example, he has supported Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) and other free trade agreements,^[54] harsher bankruptcy laws, and increased restrictions on the right to bring class action suits.^[54]

He voted for the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) Reform and Accountability Act. He supports pay-as-you-go budgeting and believes "that the American government needs to strive to build up a surplus when possible, so that there are funds to support and sustain our country during tough financial times." Moran has called former President George W. Bush "Fiscally irresponsible."^[54][65]

Moran has said he supports the redistribution of wealth, saying in November 2008 that "We have been guided by a Republican administration who believes in this simplistic notion that people who have wealth are entitled to keep it and they have an antipathy towards the means of redistributing wealth."^[66] He also says on his website that the recession was largely "a result of the imbalance in the distribution of wealth over the last eight years and an absence of oversight and accountability."^[54]

Social programs[link]

Moran has called Social Security "a safe, stable, and dependable source of financial assistance for retirees and their families," and strongly opposes privatizing Social Security, saying that it would "cripple the system". It is his position that any changes to the current system must "promote its long-term solvency without disrupting the core principles on which the program was founded."^[67]

Moran has expressed support for Universal Healthcare and more specifically the public health insurance option, saying at a town hall meeting in Reston, Virginia, in August 2009 that "It could do the most to bring down long-term medical costs and to adequately insure every American."^[68][69] Moran voted for the Affordable Health Care for America Act, which passed in November 2009, saying about the bill on his website that the "cost of doing nothing is simply too high for the American people to carry who today pay more than twice what people everywhere else on earth pay but yet live no longer nor healthier lives".^[70]

Defense[link]

Moran voted against authorizing the Iraq War in 2002 and did not support the troop increase for the Afghanistan War proposed by President Barack Obama in 2009, saying first that he appreciated Obama's "careful consideration regarding the U.S.'s engagement in Afghanistan", but later defining the issues on which he and the President disagreed:

"Our security concern is Al-Qaeda, not the Taliban. Eight years ago we went into Afghanistan to eliminate al-Qaeda and the “safe haven” that Afghanistan’s Taliban were providing the terrorist group responsible for the 9/11 attacks. Al-Qaeda has no significant presence today in all of Afghanistan.... Instead of increasing our troop presence, the U.S. should limit its mission in Afghanistan to securing strategic Afghan population centers with the troops currently on the ground."^[71]

Other[link]

Moran does not support granting statehood to the District of Columbia.^[72] However, he has voted to allow Washington, D.C., to send a voting representative to the United States Congress.^[73]

Moran is in favor of stronger prohibitions against animal fighting.

Controversies[link]

Reputed conflicts of interest[link]

MBNA loan[link]

Moran's support for harsher bankruptcy law provisions and sponsorship of stricter bankruptcy legislation brought allegations in 2002 that his support came in return for financial favors by financial institutions which could benefit from such laws. In January 1998, one month before he introduced the legislation, credit card bank MBNA advocated that it would restrict the ability of consumer debtors to declare bankruptcy. Moran received a favorable debt consolidation loan from the bank that allowed him to avoid personal bankruptcy arising from credit card and stock market losses. The $447,000 loan at a favorable interest rate was the largest loan to an individual MBNA issued in 1998. Its belated disclosure triggered a Federal Elections Commission investigation into whether or not it constituted an improper contribution.

The Lieutenant Governor of Virginia at the time, Tim Kaine, joined Republican lawmakers in calling for a House Ethics Committee investigation into the loan, saying that Moran had made "an error in judgment" by accepting it. In his own defense, Moran said that the timing of the legislation's introduction was coincidental and had nothing to do with the loan. MBNA spokesman Brian Dalphon said that the bank had offered the mortgage package not knowing that Moran was a member of Congress, and that the loan "made good business sense" because with the mortgage loan, "we improved our position by getting security for an unsecured loan.... He had credit cards with us, he was having financial difficulties; this put him in a better position to be able to pay us back from a cash-flow standpoint."^[74][75]

PMA group[link]

The House Ethics Committee investigated several members of the House Defense Appropriations Subcommittee, including Moran, Peter J. Visclosky, Norm Dicks, Marcy Kaptur and the late John Murtha, who was the chairman at the time, for a conflict of interest in the allocation of the government contracts to clients of the PMA Group, which donated nearly a million dollars to Moran's political action committee, as well as a significant amount of money to the gubernatorial campaign of Moran's younger brother, Brian.^[76] Moran said that he was unaware of "who made donations", and "how much they gave", and therefore was not affected by the donations when allocating the funding.^[77]

In February 2010, the panel cleared Moran and the others, saying that they violated no laws. The panel concluded, as part of its 305 page report, that "simply because a member sponsors an earmark for an entity that also happens to be a campaign contributor... does not support a claim that a member's actions are being influenced by campaign contributions" .^[78] After PMA's founder, Paul Magliocchetti, plead guilty in September 2010 to six years of campaign finance fraud,^[79] Moran said that he would not return the $177,700 in PMA Group-related donations that he received from 1990 to 2010.^[80]

AIPAC and the Iraq War[link]

Comments prior to the Invasion of Iraq[link]

Prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Moran told an anti-war audience in Reston, Virginia, that if "it were not for the strong support of the Jewish community for this war with Iraq, we would not be doing this. The leaders of the Jewish community are influential enough that they could change the direction of where this is going, and I think they should". This brought criticism from many of his own party, including, among others, Senate Democratic Leader Tom Daschle and Senator Joe Lieberman. Nancy Pelosi, who was House Minority Leader at the time, remarked that "Moran's comments have no place in the Democratic Party."^[81]

Moran apologized for the remarks, saying that "I should not have singled out the Jewish community and regret giving any impression that its members are somehow responsible for the course of action being pursued by the administration, or are somehow behind an impending war... What I was trying to say is that if more organizations in this country, including religious groups, were more outspoken against war, then I do not think we would be pursuing war as an option."^[82][83]

Criticism of AIPAC[link]

Moran was criticized by Jewish groups again in 2007 for remarks made in an issue of Tikkun, a California-based Jewish magazine, which were said to have placed blame for the Iraq War on the pro-Israel American Israel Public Affairs Committee, or AIPAC. Moran told Tikkun that AIPAC is "[t]he most powerful lobby and has pushed this war from the beginning. I don't think they represent the mainstream of American Jewish thinking at all, but because they are so well organized, and their members are extraordinarily powerful – most of them are quite wealthy – they have been able to exert power."^[82][83]

Moran's remarks were criticized by the Jewish Community Relations Council of Greater Washington and the National Jewish Democratic Council. Ronald Halber, executive director of the first group, said that Moran "uses several age-old canards that have been used throughout history that have brought violence upon Jews... He uses clearly anti-Semitic images such as Jewish control of the media and wealthy Jews using their wealth to control policy." He was also criticized by many House Democrats, including Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Energy and Commerce committee chairman Henry Waxman, who said that Moran's remarks were inaccurate and "deeply offensive". House Republican Whip, the sole Republican Jewish member of Congress, and fellow Representative from Virginia Eric Cantor said that Moran's remarks were "bigoted".^[84]

However, Rabbi Michael Lerner, the editor of Tikkun, defended Moran's position, writing in the September–October issue of his magazine that "It's the kind of statement I would have made to any religious community, or to any labor movement audience, citing their own failures to act as a critical factor in why we had gotten involved." Moran stood by his remarks in the interview, saying in a separate interview that the pro-Israel lobby had not represented mainstream U.S. Jewish opinion in recent years, most notably with its Middle East policies, which he characterized as directly aligned with those of the Bush administration.^[85] In a statement Moran further affirmed that it was not his position American Jews were responsible for the Iraq War, and that his remarks to the magazine were directed solely at AIPAC. It stated that Moran "recognizes the progressive nature of the Jewish community as a whole, and notes that if the rest of America voted the way Jews vote, the U.S. would not be in the war in Iraq today, and would have health care for all, and would not be involved in discriminatory treatment of gays or of immigrants."^[86]

"Taliban ticket"[link]

In 2009 Moran was speaking at a get out the vote rally for Virginia gubernatorial candidate Creigh Deeds when he said "I mean, if the Republicans were running in Afghanistan, they'd be running on the Taliban ticket as far as I can see." Moran was referring to the Virginia Republican ticket of Bob McDonnell, Bill Bolling, and Ken Cuccinelli. A McDonnell spokesperson said the comment was "negative" and "vicious".^[87]

Reported assaults[link]

During his tenure as mayor of Alexandria (1985–1990), Moran was reportedly accused of assault, though no charges were ever filed. Alexandria police officers have refused to discuss Moran's tenure as Mayor publicly, but several officers said privately that his behavior would have led to the arrest of "ordinary citizens."^[88]

In April, 2000 parents of an 8-year-old boy filed a complaint against Moran for allegedly assaulting their son who was admiring Moran's car. "He choked me and then cussed at me," the boy told The Washington Times. "I thought he was going to kidnap or kill me...All I told him was that I liked his car."^[89]

Insider trading[link]

In November 2011, author Peter Schweizer published a book, Throw Them All Out, which included an allegation that Moran used information he got from a September 16, 2008 briefing, in which Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson and Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke warned of an impending financial crisis, for his stock market activity:

"September 17, 2008, was by far Moran’s most active trading day of the year. He dumped shares in Goldman Sachs, General Dynamics, Franklin Resources, Flowserve Corporation, Ecolabs, Edison International, Electronic Arts, DirecTV, Conoco, Procter & Gamble, AT&T, Apple, CVS, Cisco, Chubb, and a dozen more companies."

Moran made more than 90 trades that day.^[90]

Electoral history[link]

Personal life[link]

Moran has been married three times. His second wife, Mary Howard Moran, filed for divorce in 1999, one day after an argument at the couple's Alexandria home which resulted in a visit by the police.^[94] The Congressman provided his own divorce papers a few months later, and in 2003 the couple officially separated.^[95] He remarried in 2004 to real estate developer LuAnn Bennett. In December 2010, Moran and Bennett announced they were separating.^[96]

Moran is the father of four children, including Mary Moran, who works at the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA),^[97] and Dorothy, who was diagnosed with an inoperable brain tumor during her father's campaign for reelection against Kyle McSlarrow in 1994. It was said at the time that she had only a twenty percent chance of living to age five, but after almost two years of chemotherapy and herbal therapies she was designated cancer free.^[13][98]

His brother, Brian Moran, is a former member of the Virginia House of Delegates, and currently the head of the Virginia Democratic Party. He was an unsuccessful primary candidate for Governor of Virginia in the 2009 election.^[99]

Moran, who was a stockbroker before running for public office, made more than 537 options trades, which had a potential value of more than $3 million, between 1995 and 2003, according to The Washington Post. In 1999 Moran lost approximately $120,000 from options investments. During divorce proceedings in 2003, the attorneys for his second wife described the trading as "stock market gambling" in court papers. Since his remarriage to LuAnn Bennett in 2004, Moran's disclosure statements have shown him to have one of the most actively traded portfolios in Congress. In May 2010, Moran's Chief of Staff, Austin Durrer, said that Moran had not personally made any trades for the past five years.^[100]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jim Moran

	Virginia portal
	Biography portal
	Politics portal

• Representative James Moran official U.S. House site
• Jim Moran for Congress official campaign site
• Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
• Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
• Congressional profile at GovTrack
• Congressional profile at OpenCongress
• Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
• Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
• Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
• Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
• Appearances on C-SPAN programs
• Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• Jim Moran as featured in the film Finding Our Voices