Gautamiputra Satakarni (Telugu: గౌతమిపుత్ర శాతకర్ణి, Marathi: गौतमीपुत्र सातकर्णि; also known as Shalivahana) (c. 78–102 CE) was the twenty-third ruler of the Satavahana Empire.

Gautamiputra Satakarni, often acknowledged by historians as the greatest of the Satavahana rulers, took to the throne after his father, Satakarni. Satakarni had earlier expanded the Satavahana Empire and gained considerable prosperity due to his two Aswamedha sacrifices. When Gautamiputra ascended the throne, the Satavahana Empire was loosely attached and was facing the threats of invasions from Sakas and Yavanas. Gautamiputra defeated the Yavanas, Sakas, and Pahlavas and re-established the ancient glory of the Satavahanas. He overthrew Nahapana and restruck a large number of Ksaharata coins of the Jogalthembi hoard.

The Nasik Prasasti describes Gautamiputra as the ruler of the Aparanta, Anupa, Saurashtra, Kukura, Akara, and Avanti, and he must have wrested them from Nahapana. He also seems to have recovered the territories in Central Deccan, which had been lost by the Satavahanas during the earlier rule of his predecessors. Under him, the Satavahana arms must have reached as far south as Kanchi. He is also credited with the conquest of territories in the Kolhapur area in the Southern Maharashtra, which he seized from the Ananda rulers. Gautamiputra also annexed the Banavasi area, thus established his sway over portions of Karnataka. He was succeeded by his son, Vasisthiputra Sri Pulamavi in about 130 AD.

Satakarni (Sātakarnī I) was the third of the Satavahana kings. He ruled around 180 BCE in Central India.

It is thought that Satakarni was a son of Kunala. He only ruled for two years, but he achieved the conquest of the Western Malwa region from the Sungas.

Satakarni is mentioned in the Hathigumpha inscription of Kalinga (India), as a rival to king Kharavela:

Satakarni organized two horse sacrifices (Aswamedhas), to proclaim his sovereignty.

His queen was Naganika, a member of the Maharathi family. She wrote the Naneghat inscription, in which she describes Satakarni as "Lord of Dakshinapatha, wielder of the unchecked wheel of Sovereignty".

Satakarni may have been killed in battle. He was succeeded by his two young sons Vedistri and Satisisri, under the regency of their mother Nayanika.