Monica Migliorino Miller, "
A Virus, a Crisis" (
New Oxford Review, April 2016)
Monica Migliorino Miller, a Professor of Theology, earned a Doctorate
in Theology from Marquette University. She is the Director of Citizens
for a Pro-Life Society and the author of Abandoned: The Untold Story of
the Abortion Wars (St. Benedict Press, 2012) and, more recently, The
Authority of Women in the Catholic Church (Emmaus Road Publishing,
2015).
The headline in
The New York Times said
it all: “[Pope] Francis Says Contraception Can Be Used to Slow
Zika” (Feb. 19). Who in the history of Christianity would have thought
that we would ever see a headline claiming that a sitting Pope has
contradicted Church teaching? So, what exactly did the Pope say? Here is
an English transcript of Francis’s exchange with a Spanish reporter, in
its entirety, provided by the Catholic News Agency (Feb. 18), that took
place during the Pope’s hour-long press conference on his return flight
from Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, to Rome:
Paloma García Ovejero: Holy Father, for several weeks there’s
been a lot of concern in many Latin American countries but also in
Europe regarding the Zika virus. The greatest risk would be for pregnant
women [who are potentially at risk of delivering children with a defect
of the brain called microcephaly]. There is anguish. Some authorities
have proposed abortion, or else avoiding pregnancy. As regards avoiding
pregnancy, on this issue, can the Church take into consideration the
concept of “the lesser of two evils”?
Pope Francis: Abortion is not the lesser of two evils. It is a
crime. It is to throw someone out in order to save another. That’s what
the Mafia does. It is a crime, an absolute evil. On the “lesser evil,”
avoiding pregnancy, we are speaking in terms of the conflict between the
fifth and sixth commandment. Paul VI, a great man, in a difficult
situation in Africa, permitted nuns to use contraceptives in cases of
rape.
Don’t confuse the evil of avoiding
pregnancy by itself, with abortion. Abortion is not a theological
problem; it is a human problem; it is a medical problem. You kill one
person to save another, in the best-case scenario. Or to live
comfortably, no? It’s against the Hippocratic Oath doctors must take. It
is an evil in and of itself, but it is not a religious evil in the
beginning. No, it’s a human evil. Then obviously, as with every human
evil, each killing is condemned.
On the other hand, avoiding pregnancy is not an absolute evil. In
certain cases, as in this one, or in the one I mentioned of Bl. Paul VI,
it was clear. I would also urge doctors to do their utmost to find
vaccines against these two mosquitoes that carry this disease. This
needs to be worked on.
Francis’s comments on abortion are arguably the strongest of any
pontiff. He compared the killing of the unborn to, of all things, Mafia
tactics (“to throw someone out in order to save another”), and he called
abortion a “crime” and an “absolute evil.” His stance is clear and
unequivocal.
Unfortunately, the Pope’s strong condemnation of abortion has been
almost completely overlooked due to his confused and equivocal
statements regarding contraception. It is clear that Francis has the
ability to speak plainly in defense of Church teachings, at least when
his convictions regarding those teachings are heartfelt. Yet on the
subject of contraceptive use in crisis situations, Francis made
statements that lead one to conclude that he believes such use is
morally licit, contrary to Catholic moral doctrine. Let us examine his
exchange with the Spanish reporter.