Blade on a rotary lawn mower

A blade grinder^[1] (also propeller grinder^[2]) is a machine that chops material while mixing it, by means of a high-speed spinning blade. Applications of blade grinders for preparing foods include numerous electric kitchen appliances such as blenders (including immersion blenders), food processors, some garbage disposals, and some coffee grinders. The terms "blade grinder" and "propeller grinder" are in popular use to distinguish the blade grinder type of coffee grinder from other types. Other consumer applications include rotary lawn mowers.

Design[link]

A blade grinder may be considered a type of hammermill. A blade grinder resembles a meat grinder in that both have propeller-shaped cutting blades. However, meat grinders (and food mills) use a scissor cutting action as the blades rotate against a perforated metal plate. Meat grinder blades rotate at a much slower speed than blade grinders, which may may rotate at speeds as high as 20,000 to 30,000 rpm.^{[citation needed]} Blade grinders also resemble industrial blade (propeller) mixers, which like meat grinders rotate at much slower speeds. Unlike blade grinders, these mixers do not alter (break, cut, shred, macerate, pulverize) the material being mixed.^[3] The high speed of rotation of blade grinders is necessary to achieve their cutting action. In a blender application, the high speed of rotation contributes to shearing, which in turn contributes to aeration and the formation of emulsions.^[4] These are desirable qualities in many food preparations.

Coffee grinders[link]

Special purpose coffee grinders usually are either blade grinders or burr grinders:^[2] blade grinders being less expensive and having additional uses, burr grinders giving a better quality of grind (see Coffee preparation#Grinding). Special purpose spice grinders usually are either blade grinders or mortar and pestle (or related tools).

Low cost coffee blade grinders for use in home kitchens frequently are difficult to clean. The Joy of Cooking (1997 edition) suggests a blade grinder may be cleaned by grinding a few tablespoons of sugar then wiping it out.^[5] Another suggestion is to clean around the blade with a soft brush or a damp cloth.^[6] Because these blade grinders frequently are used for grinding both coffee beans and spices, cleaning them well is important to prevent unwanted transfer of flavors.^[7] Some people keep two blade grinders, one for coffee and the other for spices.

Blenders[link]

Blades from a blender (left) and food processor (right)

Blenders are blade grinders designed specifically for use with wet ingredients. Blenders are popular tools for production of purées and pastes, using both the cutting and shearing effects of high rpm blades.

History[link]

Blade grinders are a 20th century innovation that followed the adaptation of propellers to small motorboats.^{[citation needed]} Blade grinders exploit a feature of propellers that is undesirable in the propulsion systems of boats and airplanes: the higher the rpm, the more energy is spent in shearing and cutting rather than in pushing. Rotary lawn mowers were not developed until small engines became powerful enough to run the blades at a speed high enough to cut.

Commercial blenders were developed in the 1920s. With increasing miniaturization of the electric motor, the first consumer blender, the Waring Blendor, was developed in the 1930s, and a canister blender, the Osterizer, entered the market in 1946.^[8] The first immersion blenders were patented in the 1950s.^{[citation needed]}

See also[link]

• Blade
• Cavitation
• Impeller
• Grinding machine
• Milling machine
• Mixer (cooking)

References[link]

External links[link]

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