Swap

Swap or SWAP may refer to:

Finance

Science and technology

Other

See also

Swap (finance)

A swap is a derivative in which two counterparties exchange cash flows of one party's financial instrument for those of the other party's financial instrument. The benefits in question depend on the type of financial instruments involved. For example, in the case of a swap involving two bonds, the benefits in question can be the periodic interest (coupon) payments associated with such bonds. Specifically, two counterparties agree to exchange one stream of cash flows against another stream. These streams are called the legs of the swap. The swap agreement defines the dates when the cash flows are to be paid and the way they are accrued and calculated. Usually at the time when the contract is initiated, at least one of these series of cash flows is determined by an uncertain variable such as a floating interest rate, foreign exchange rate, equity price, or commodity price.

The cash flows are calculated over a notional principal amount. Contrary to a future, a forward or an option, the notional amount is usually not exchanged between counterparties. Consequently, swaps can be in cash or collateral.

Swap (computer science)

In computer programming, the act of swapping two variables refers to mutually exchanging the values of the variables. Usually, this is done with the data in memory. For example, in a program, two variables may be defined thus (in pseudocode):

(In many programming languages where the swap function is built-in; in C++, overloads are provided allowing std::swap to swap some large structures in O(1) time.) After swap() is performed, x will contain the value 0 and y will contain 1; their values have been exchanged. Of course, this operation may be generalized to other types of values, such as strings, aggregated data types and comparison sorts, utilize swaps to change the positions of data.

Using a temporary variable

The simplest and probably most widely used method to swap two variables is to use a third temporary variable:

While this is conceptually simple and in many cases the only convenient way to swap two variables, it uses extra memory. Although this should not be a problem in most applications, the sizes of the values being swapped may be huge (which means the temporary variable may occupy a lot of memory as well), or the swap operation may need to be performed many times, as in sorting algorithms.

Lawrence

Lawrence may refer to:

Geography

Communities

Islands

Rivers

Transport

Education

Colleges and universities

Lawrence, New South Wales

Lawrence is a small town 13 km from Maclean, New South Wales, Australia. It is accessed by the Lawrence car ferry from Woodford Island or by travelling 30 kilometres north from Grafton. At the 2006 census, Lawrence had a population of 390 people. Lawrence has a number of sporting facilities including, a cricket field and soccer fields, a nine-hole golf course and tennis courts. Lawrence has a public school, a general store, post office, police station, Tavern and a local school and route bus service. It also has a museum housed in the old radio station building as well as very well preserved Public Hall of timber construction dating from 1892. The town is in the Clarence Valley Council local government area.

References

Lawrence (Amtrak station)

The Lawrence Amtrak station is a train station near downtown Lawrence, Kansas, United States served by Amtrak, the national railroad passenger system. Lawrence Station was built in 1956 by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad to replace the Atchison Topeka Santa Fe Station built in 1883 which was damaged by the 1951 flood. The Mid-Century Modern station has been declared eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places.

During 2011, more than $1.5 million in station improvements were carried out, including the construction of a new 500 feet (150 m) platform and repairs to the platform canopy, new lighting and improved access for persons with disabilities. A ceremony was held on December 3 to mark the end of the project.The City of Lawrence is expected to obtain ownership of the station in 2014, and has been awarded a $1.2 million grant to carry out a complete restoration of the structure.

References

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