- published: 23 Jul 2015
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Martial arts are extensive systems of codified practices and traditions of combat that are practiced for a variety of reasons, including self-defense, competition, physical health and fitness, as well as mental, physical and spiritual development. The term martial art has become heavily associated with the fighting arts of eastern Asia, but was originally used in regard to the combat systems of Europe as early as the 1550s. An English fencing manual of 1639 used the term in reference specifically to the "Science and Art" of swordplay. The term is ultimately derived from Latin, martial arts being the "Arts of Mars," the Roman god of war. Some martial arts are considered 'traditional' and tied to an ethnic, cultural or religious background, while others are modern systems developed either by a founder or an association.
Martial arts may be categorized along a variety of criteria, including:
Unarmed martial arts can be broadly grouped into focusing on strikes, those focusing on grappling and those that cover both fields, often described as hybrid martial arts.
Marcus Valerius Martialis (known in English as Martial) (March 1, 40 AD – between 102 and 104 AD), was a Latin poet from Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103, during the reigns of the emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan. In these short, witty poems he cheerfully satirises city life and the scandalous activities of his acquaintances, and romanticises his provincial upbringing. He wrote a total of 1,561, of which 1,235 are in elegiac couplets. He is considered to be the creator of the modern epigram.
Knowledge of his origins and early life are derived almost entirely from his works, which can be more or less dated according to the well-known events to which they refer. In Book X of his Epigrams, composed between 95 and 98, he mentions celebrating his fifty-seventh birthday; hence he was born on March 1 (x. 24) 38, 39, 40 or 41 AD, under Caligula or Claudius. His place of birth was Augusta Bilbilis (now Calatayud) in Hispania Tarraconensis. His parents, Fronto and Flaccilla, appear to have died in his youth.
Bruce Lee (born Lee Jun-fan; 27 November 1940 – 20 July 1973) was a Chinese AmericanHong Kong actor,martial arts instructor, philosopher, film director, film producer, screenwriter, and founder of the Jeet Kune Do martial arts movement. He is widely considered by many commentators, critics, media and other martial artists to be the most influential martial artist and pop culture icon of the 20th Century. He is often credited with changing the way Asians were presented in American films.
Lee was born in San Francisco to parents of Hong Kong heritage but was raised in Hong Kong until his late teens. Lee returned to the United States at the age of 18 to claim his U.S. citizenship and receive his higher education. It was during this time that he began teaching martial arts, which soon led to film and television roles.
His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films elevated the traditional Hong Kong martial arts film to a new level of popularity and acclaim, and sparked a major surge of interest in Chinese martial arts in the West in the 1970s. The direction and tone of his films changed and influenced martial arts and martial arts films in Hong Kong and the rest of the world, as well. He is noted for his roles in five feature-length films: Lo Wei's The Big Boss (1971) and Fist of Fury (1972); Way of the Dragon (1972), directed and written by Lee; Warner Brothers' Enter the Dragon (1973) and The Game of Death (1978), both directed by Robert Clouse.
Actors: Mighty Mike Murga (actor), Christina Myhr (actress), Dan Evans (actor), Karen Brown Cronin (actress), Jason Brotman (editor), Jason Brotman (miscellaneous crew), Michael Cronin (actor), Darrin Glesser (actor), Robben Fenderson (composer), Nicole Owen (director), Emerald Brown Cronin (actress), Celine Gaudry (miscellaneous crew), Emily Myers (miscellaneous crew), Jessica Abler (miscellaneous crew), Casey Martin (actress),
Genres: Drama, Short,Actors: Sab Shimono (actor), Keith David (actor), Louis Mandylor (actor), Dora Hopkins (miscellaneous crew), Michael Yama (actor), Erik Betts (actor), Mark Steven Grove (producer), Mark Steven Grove (actor), Gregory Segal (miscellaneous crew), Emily Kuroda (actress), Tzi Ma (actor), Ken Kerman (actor), Spice Williams-Crosby (actress), Chil Kong (producer), Lisa Dalton (actress),
Plot: After punks at school hand him multiple savage beatings, gay teen McClain Evans, discreetly begins martial arts training with Karen O'Neil, a mysterious woman who had her own cross to bear with the prejudiced and bigoted small town community. As McClain learns to defend himself from hatred and bigotry, the student and his teacher expose several raw nerves in their rural Colorado community.
Keywords: action-heroine, aids, asian, asian-american, bible, bigotry, black-belt, boxing, brother-sister-relationship, buddhismActors: Mike Tristano (miscellaneous crew), Rick Shuster (miscellaneous crew), Thure Riefenstein (actor), André Devantier (miscellaneous crew), Ilia Volok (actor), Tom Burstall (miscellaneous crew), Sven-Ole Thorsen (actor), Art LaFleur (actor), Tobin Bell (actor), David 'Shark' Fralick (actor), Paul Gleason (actor), Terrence Stone (actor), Ernie Hudson (actor), Chris Lemmon (actor), Jeffrey D. Press (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A group of Russian mobsters have stolen a huge supply of paper for printing U.S. currency, and are now flooding the market with conterfeit bills. When one of the mobsters decides to give herself in and hand over a data CD to the DA, she is shot and killed, but not before handing the disc to an unsuspecting Tommy Lee. Despite working with the police as a martial arts instructor, Lee doesn't go to the cops with the disc, but instead goes on the run, giving the mafia time to kidnap his daughter and hold as a hostage in exchange for return of the disc. Will Tommy ever see his daughter again?
Keywords: action-hero, beretta, blood, blood-spatter, brawl, chop-socky, combat, dojo, duel, false-moneyActors: Mike Tristano (miscellaneous crew), Rick Shuster (miscellaneous crew), Thure Riefenstein (actor), André Devantier (miscellaneous crew), Ilia Volok (actor), Tom Burstall (miscellaneous crew), Sven-Ole Thorsen (actor), Art LaFleur (actor), Tobin Bell (actor), David 'Shark' Fralick (actor), Paul Gleason (actor), Terrence Stone (actor), Ernie Hudson (actor), Chris Lemmon (actor), Jeffrey D. Press (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A group of Russian mobsters have stolen a huge supply of paper for printing U.S. currency, and are now flooding the market with conterfeit bills. When one of the mobsters decides to give herself in and hand over a data CD to the DA, she is shot and killed, but not before handing the disc to an unsuspecting Tommy Lee. Despite working with the police as a martial arts instructor, Lee doesn't go to the cops with the disc, but instead goes on the run, giving the mafia time to kidnap his daughter and hold as a hostage in exchange for return of the disc. Will Tommy ever see his daughter again?
Keywords: action-hero, beretta, blood, blood-spatter, brawl, chop-socky, combat, dojo, duel, false-moneyActors: Mike Tristano (miscellaneous crew), Rick Shuster (miscellaneous crew), Thure Riefenstein (actor), André Devantier (miscellaneous crew), Ilia Volok (actor), Tom Burstall (miscellaneous crew), Sven-Ole Thorsen (actor), Art LaFleur (actor), Tobin Bell (actor), David 'Shark' Fralick (actor), Paul Gleason (actor), Terrence Stone (actor), Ernie Hudson (actor), Chris Lemmon (actor), Jeffrey D. Press (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A group of Russian mobsters have stolen a huge supply of paper for printing U.S. currency, and are now flooding the market with conterfeit bills. When one of the mobsters decides to give herself in and hand over a data CD to the DA, she is shot and killed, but not before handing the disc to an unsuspecting Tommy Lee. Despite working with the police as a martial arts instructor, Lee doesn't go to the cops with the disc, but instead goes on the run, giving the mafia time to kidnap his daughter and hold as a hostage in exchange for return of the disc. Will Tommy ever see his daughter again?
Keywords: action-hero, beretta, blood, blood-spatter, brawl, chop-socky, combat, dojo, duel, false-moneyActors: Mike Tristano (miscellaneous crew), Rick Shuster (miscellaneous crew), Thure Riefenstein (actor), André Devantier (miscellaneous crew), Ilia Volok (actor), Tom Burstall (miscellaneous crew), Sven-Ole Thorsen (actor), Art LaFleur (actor), Tobin Bell (actor), David 'Shark' Fralick (actor), Paul Gleason (actor), Terrence Stone (actor), Ernie Hudson (actor), Chris Lemmon (actor), Jeffrey D. Press (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A group of Russian mobsters have stolen a huge supply of paper for printing U.S. currency, and are now flooding the market with conterfeit bills. When one of the mobsters decides to give herself in and hand over a data CD to the DA, she is shot and killed, but not before handing the disc to an unsuspecting Tommy Lee. Despite working with the police as a martial arts instructor, Lee doesn't go to the cops with the disc, but instead goes on the run, giving the mafia time to kidnap his daughter and hold as a hostage in exchange for return of the disc. Will Tommy ever see his daughter again?
Keywords: action-hero, beretta, blood, blood-spatter, brawl, chop-socky, combat, dojo, duel, false-moneyActors: Steven Stabler (producer), Peter Farrelly (director), Connie Sawyer (actress), Victoria Rowell (actress), Lin Shaye (actress), Peter Farrelly (writer), Brad Krevoy (producer), Lauren Holly (actress), Jeff Daniels (actor), Jim Carrey (actor), Harland Williams (actor), Teri Garr (actress), Mike Starr (actor), Lee Tucker (miscellaneous crew), Paul Prokop (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A pair of dumb friends named Harry and Lloyd set out on a cross country trip to return a briefcase full of money to its rightful owner, a beautiful woman named Mary Swanson. However, the duo are unaware of a bigger conspiracy involving Mary and the briefcase, and a pair of criminals involved in the conspiracy attempt to chase Harry and Lloyd down for the briefcase.
Keywords: 1990s, 555-phone-number, airport, ampersand-in-title, apartment, arrest, aspen-colorado, bar, bare-chested-male, beerActors: Yehuda Efroni (actor), Avi Lerner (producer), Michael J. Duthie (editor), Harry Alan Towers (producer), George S. Clinton (composer), Steve James (actor), Gideon Amir (writer), Avi Kleinberger (writer), Marjoe Gortner (actor), Gary Conway (writer), Cedric Sundstrom (director), John Barrett (actor), Calvin Jung (actor), Robyn Aronstam (miscellaneous crew), Adrienne Pierce (actress),
Plot: Jackson is back, and now he has a new partner, karate champion Sean, as they must face a deadly terrorist known as "The Cobra", who has infected Sean with a virus. Sean and Jackson have no choice but to fight the Cobra and his bands of ninjas.
Keywords: acrobat, acrobatics, action-hero, ak-47, ambush, american-ninja, bare-chested-male, bare-chested-male-bondage, battle, black-beltActors: Yehuda Efroni (actor), Avi Lerner (producer), Michael J. Duthie (editor), Harry Alan Towers (producer), George S. Clinton (composer), Steve James (actor), Gideon Amir (writer), Avi Kleinberger (writer), Marjoe Gortner (actor), Gary Conway (writer), Cedric Sundstrom (director), John Barrett (actor), Calvin Jung (actor), Robyn Aronstam (miscellaneous crew), Adrienne Pierce (actress),
Plot: Jackson is back, and now he has a new partner, karate champion Sean, as they must face a deadly terrorist known as "The Cobra", who has infected Sean with a virus. Sean and Jackson have no choice but to fight the Cobra and his bands of ninjas.
Keywords: acrobat, acrobatics, action-hero, ak-47, ambush, american-ninja, bare-chested-male, bare-chested-male-bondage, battle, black-beltActors: Christopher Lee (actor), James Coburn (writer), Stirling Silliphant (writer), Eli Wallach (actor), David Carradine (actor), Bruce Lee (writer), Stirling Silliphant (writer), David Carradine (actor), David Carradine (actor), Anthony De Longis (actor), David Carradine (actor), Roddy McDowall (actor), Sandy Howard (producer), Paul Maslansky (producer), Paul Maslansky (actor),
Plot: A young martial artist, Cord the Seeker, competes for and loses the right to go on a quest for the Book of All Knowlege held by a wizard named Zetan, but he goes along the path to seek Zetan anyway. Along the way, he meets strange tests and challenges by enemies and allies - often having difficulty determining which is which.
Keywords: action-hero, afghan-hound, ambush, backhand-slap, bandit, bikini, blind-man, blood, bloody-nose, boat