拾步 Athen 雅典 郭端/攝影

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• published: 03 Jun 2017
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tonykwk39@gmail.com Athens (/ˈæθᵻnz/; Modern Greek: Αθήνα, Athína Greek pronunciation: [aˈθina], Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, Athênai) is the capital and largest city of Greece. It dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2012, Athens was ranked the world's 39th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study. Athens is recognised as a global city because of its location and its importance in shipping, finance, commerce, media, entertainment, arts, international trade, culture, education and tourism. It is one of the biggest economic centres in southeastern Europe, with a large financial sector, and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe and the second largest in the world. The municipality (city) of Athens had a population of 664,046 (in 2011) within its administrative limits, and a land area of 38.96 km2 (15.04 sq mi). The urban area of Athens (Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits, with a population of 3,090,508 (in 2011) over an area of 412 km2 (159 sq mi). According to Eurostat in 2011, the functional urban area (FUA) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union (the 6th most populous capital city of the EU), with a population of 3,828,000. Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland. The heritage of the classical era is still evident in the city, represented by ancient monuments and works of art, the most famous of all being the Parthenon, considered a key landmark of early Western civilization. The city also retains Roman and Byzantine monuments, as well as a smaller number of Ottoman monuments. Athens is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Acropolis of Athens and the medieval Daphni Monastery. Landmarks of the modern era, dating back to the establishment of Athens as the capital of the independent Greek state in 1834, include the Hellenic Parliament and the so-called "architectural trilogy of Athens", consisting of the National Library of Greece, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and the Academy of Athens. Athens is also home to several museums and cultural institutions, such as the National Archeological Museum, featuring the world's largest collection of ancient Greek antiquities, the Acropolis Museum, the Museum of Cycladic Art, the Benaki Museum and the Byzantine and Christian Museum. Athens was the host city of the first modern-day Olympic Games in 1896, and 108 years later it welcomed home the 2004 Summer Olympics. In Ancient Greek, the name of the city was Ἀθῆναι (Athēnai, pronounced [a.tʰɛ̂ː.nai̯] in Classical Attic) a plural. In earlier Greek, such as Homeric Greek, the name had been current in the singular form though, as Ἀθήνη (Athēnē). It was possibly rendered in the plural later on, like those of Θῆβαι (Thêbai) and Μυκῆναι (Μukênai). The root of the word is perhaps not of Greek or Indo-European origin, and is a possible remnant of the Pre-Greek substrate of Attica, as could be the name of the goddess Athena (Attic Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnā, Ionic Ἀθήνη, Athēnē, and Doric Ἀθάνα, Athānā), that was always related to the city of Athens. During the medieval period the name of the city was rendered once again in the singular as Ἀθήνα. However, after the establishment of the modern Greek state, and partly due to the conservatism of the written language, Ἀθῆναι [aˈθine] became again the official name of the city and remained so until the abandonment of Katharevousa in the 1970s, when Ἀθήνα, Athína, became the official name. 雅典（希臘語：Αθήνα，Athína，[aˈθina]；古希臘語：Άθῆναι，Athēnai；英語：Athens）是希臘首都，也是希臘最大的城市。雅典位於巴爾幹半島南端，三面環山，一面傍海，西南距愛琴海法利龍灣8公里，屬亞熱帶地中海氣候。基菲索斯河和伊利索斯河穿城而過。市內多小山。 雅典是世界上最老的城市之一，有記載的歷史就長達3000多年。現在雅典是歐洲第八大城市 。雅典是希臘經濟、財政、工業、政治和文化中心。雅典也是歐盟商業中心之一。市區人口330萬，加上郊區人口共有380萬人口。城市的面積為39平方公里，加上郊區為412平方公里。 古雅典是一個強大的城邦，是馳名世界的文化古城。希臘是西方哲學的搖籃，是柏拉圖學院和亞里士多德的講學場所的所在地。 蘇格拉底、希羅多德、伯里克利、索福克勒斯、阿里斯托芬、歐里庇得斯、埃斯庫羅斯和其他著名的哲學家、政治家和文學家都在雅典誕生或居住過 ，雅典也因此被稱作「西方文明的搖籃」和民主的起源地。 公元前5世紀和4世紀在文化和政治上的成就對歐洲及世界文化產生重大影響。 雅典至今仍保留了很多歷史遺蹟和大量的藝術作品，其中最著名的是雅典衛城的帕提農神廟，是西方文化的象徵。 雅典是現代奧運會起源的地方。1896年曾舉辦過第一屆夏季奧運會。2004年，第二十八屆夏季奧林匹克運動會在雅典舉行。

拾步 Athen 雅典 郭端/攝影

• Report rights infringement
• published: 03 Jun 2017
• views: 21

tonykwk39@gmail.com Athens (/ˈæθᵻnz/; Modern Greek: Αθήνα, Athína Greek pronunciation: [aˈθina], Ancient Greek: Ἀθῆναι, Athênai) is the capital and largest city of Greece. It dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2012, Athens was ranked the world's 39th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study. Athens is recognised as a global city because of its location and its importance in shipping, finance, commerce, media, entertainment, arts, international trade, culture, education and tourism. It is one of the biggest economic centres in southeastern Europe, with a large financial sector, and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe and the second largest in the world. The municipality (city) of Athens had a population of 664,046 (in 2011) within its administrative limits, and a land area of 38.96 km2 (15.04 sq mi). The urban area of Athens (Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits, with a population of 3,090,508 (in 2011) over an area of 412 km2 (159 sq mi). According to Eurostat in 2011, the functional urban area (FUA) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union (the 6th most populous capital city of the EU), with a population of 3,828,000. Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland. The heritage of the classical era is still evident in the city, represented by ancient monuments and works of art, the most famous of all being the Parthenon, considered a key landmark of early Western civilization. The city also retains Roman and Byzantine monuments, as well as a smaller number of Ottoman monuments. Athens is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Acropolis of Athens and the medieval Daphni Monastery. Landmarks of the modern era, dating back to the establishment of Athens as the capital of the independent Greek state in 1834, include the Hellenic Parliament and the so-called "architectural trilogy of Athens", consisting of the National Library of Greece, the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens and the Academy of Athens. Athens is also home to several museums and cultural institutions, such as the National Archeological Museum, featuring the world's largest collection of ancient Greek antiquities, the Acropolis Museum, the Museum of Cycladic Art, the Benaki Museum and the Byzantine and Christian Museum. Athens was the host city of the first modern-day Olympic Games in 1896, and 108 years later it welcomed home the 2004 Summer Olympics. In Ancient Greek, the name of the city was Ἀθῆναι (Athēnai, pronounced [a.tʰɛ̂ː.nai̯] in Classical Attic) a plural. In earlier Greek, such as Homeric Greek, the name had been current in the singular form though, as Ἀθήνη (Athēnē). It was possibly rendered in the plural later on, like those of Θῆβαι (Thêbai) and Μυκῆναι (Μukênai). The root of the word is perhaps not of Greek or Indo-European origin, and is a possible remnant of the Pre-Greek substrate of Attica, as could be the name of the goddess Athena (Attic Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnā, Ionic Ἀθήνη, Athēnē, and Doric Ἀθάνα, Athānā), that was always related to the city of Athens. During the medieval period the name of the city was rendered once again in the singular as Ἀθήνα. However, after the establishment of the modern Greek state, and partly due to the conservatism of the written language, Ἀθῆναι [aˈθine] became again the official name of the city and remained so until the abandonment of Katharevousa in the 1970s, when Ἀθήνα, Athína, became the official name. 雅典（希臘語：Αθήνα，Athína，[aˈθina]；古希臘語：Άθῆναι，Athēnai；英語：Athens）是希臘首都，也是希臘最大的城市。雅典位於巴爾幹半島南端，三面環山，一面傍海，西南距愛琴海法利龍灣8公里，屬亞熱帶地中海氣候。基菲索斯河和伊利索斯河穿城而過。市內多小山。 雅典是世界上最老的城市之一，有記載的歷史就長達3000多年。現在雅典是歐洲第八大城市 。雅典是希臘經濟、財政、工業、政治和文化中心。雅典也是歐盟商業中心之一。市區人口330萬，加上郊區人口共有380萬人口。城市的面積為39平方公里，加上郊區為412平方公里。 古雅典是一個強大的城邦，是馳名世界的文化古城。希臘是西方哲學的搖籃，是柏拉圖學院和亞里士多德的講學場所的所在地。 蘇格拉底、希羅多德、伯里克利、索福克勒斯、阿里斯托芬、歐里庇得斯、埃斯庫羅斯和其他著名的哲學家、政治家和文學家都在雅典誕生或居住過 ，雅典也因此被稱作「西方文明的搖籃」和民主的起源地。 公元前5世紀和4世紀在文化和政治上的成就對歐洲及世界文化產生重大影響。 雅典至今仍保留了很多歷史遺蹟和大量的藝術作品，其中最著名的是雅典衛城的帕提農神廟，是西方文化的象徵。 雅典是現代奧運會起源的地方。1896年曾舉辦過第一屆夏季奧運會。2004年，第二十八屆夏季奧林匹克運動會在雅典舉行。