- published: 12 Jun 2014
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The city of Athens during the classical period of Ancient Greece (508–322 BC) was a notable polis (city-state) of Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League. Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Hippias. This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (aftermath of Lamian War). The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles.
In the classical period, Athens was a center for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Akademia and Aristotle's Lyceum, Athens was also the birthplace of Socrates, Pericles, Sophocles, and many other prominent philosophers, writers and politicians of the ancient world. It is widely referred to as the cradle of Western Civilization, and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC on the rest of the then known European continent.
Edith Hall (born 1959) is a British scholar of classics and cultural history and professor of Classics at King's College London. From 2006 until 2011 she held a Research Chair at Royal Holloway, University of London, where she directed the Centre for the Reception of Greece and Rome until November 2011, when she resigned over dispute regarding funding for classics. She also co-founded and is Consultant Director of the Archive of Performances of Greek and Roman Drama at Oxford University, Chairman of the Gilbert Murray Trust, and Judge on the Times Stephen Spender Prize for poetry translation. Her prizewinning doctoral thesis was awarded at Oxford.
Edith Hall studied for a BA degree in Classics & Modern Languages at Wadham College, Oxford (awarded in 1982) and a DPhil degree at St Hugh's College, Oxford (awarded in 1988). She held posts at the universities of Cambridge, Reading, Oxford and Durham, and visiting chairs at several North American institutions, before taking up her post at Royal Holloway.
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