Universe Full Documentary The Ring of Fire How The Earth Was Made | SPACE & DISCOVERY CHANNEL
Universe Full
Documentary The Ring of Fire How
The Earth Was Made |
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The Ring of Fire is an area in the basin of the
Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. In a 40,
000 km (25,000 mi) horseshoe shape, it is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic belts and/or plate movements. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. The Ring of Fire is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
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About 90% of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes occur along the
Ring of Fire. The next most seismically active region (5–6% of earthquakes and 17% of the world's largest earthquakes) is the
Alpide belt, which extends from
Java to the northern
Atlantic Ocean via the Himalayas and southern
Europe.
All but 3 of the world's 25 largest volcanic eruptions of the last 11,700 years occurred at volcanoes in the Ring of Fire.
The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate tectonics and the movement and collisions of lithospheric plates. The eastern section of the ring is the result of the
Nazca Plate and the
Cocos Plate being subducted beneath the westward moving
South American Plate. The Cocos Plate is being subducted beneath the
Caribbean Plate, in
Central America. A portion of the
Pacific Plate along with the small
Juan de Fuca Plate are being subducted beneath the
North American Plate. Along the northern portion, the northwestward-moving
Pacific plate is being subducted beneath the
Aleutian Islands arc. Farther west, the Pacific plate is being subducted along the
Kamchatka Peninsula arcs on south past
Japan. The southern portion is more complex, with a number of smaller tectonic plates in collision with the Pacific plate from the
Mariana Islands, the
Philippines,
Bougainville,
Tonga, and
New Zealand; this portion excludes
Australia, since it lies in the center of its tectonic plate.
Indonesia lies between the Ring of Fire along the northeastern islands adjacent to and including
New Guinea and the Alpide belt along the south and west from
Sumatra, Java,
Bali,
Flores, and
Timor. The famous and very active
San Andreas Fault zone of
California is a transform fault which offsets a portion of the
East Pacific Rise under southwestern
United States and
Mexico. The motion of the fault generates numerous small earthquakes, at multiple times a day, most of which are too small to be felt. The active
Queen Charlotte Fault on the west coast of the
Haida Gwaii,
British Columbia, Canada, has generated three large earthquakes during the
20th century: a magnitude 7 event in 1929; a magnitude
8.1 in 1949 (
Canada's largest recorded earthquake); and a magnitude 7.4 in
1970