3-Dehydroshikimic acid is a chemical compound related to shikimic acid. 3-DHS is available in large quantity through engineering of the shikimic acid pathway.

Metabolism

Biosynthesis: The enzyme 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase uses 3-dehydroquinate to produce 3-dehydroshikimate and H₂O.

3-Dehydroshikimate is then reduced to shikimic acid by the enzyme shikimate dehydrogenase, which uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a cofactor.

Gallic acid is also formed from 3-dehydroshikimate by the action of the enzyme shikimate dehydrogenase to produce 3,5-didehydroshikimate. This latter compound spontaneously rearranges to gallic acid.

References

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/3-Dehydroshikimic_acid

United States Department of Homeland Security

The United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is a cabinet department of the United States federal government, created in response to the September 11 attacks, and with the primary responsibilities of protecting the territory of the United States and protectorates from and responding to terrorist attacks, man-made accidents, and natural disasters. In fiscal year 2011 it was allocated a budget of $98.8 billion and spent, net, $66.4 billion.

Whereas the Department of Defense is charged with military actions abroad, the Department of Homeland Security works in the civilian sphere to protect the United States within, at, and outside its borders. Its stated goal is to prepare for, prevent, and respond to domestic emergencies, particularly terrorism. On March 1, 2003, DHS absorbed the Immigration and Naturalization Service and assumed its duties. In doing so, it divided the enforcement and services functions into two separate and new agencies: Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Citizenship and Immigration Services. The investigative divisions and intelligence gathering units of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and Customs Service were merged forming Homeland Security Investigations. Additionally, the border enforcement functions of the INS, including the U.S. Border Patrol, the U.S. Customs Service, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service were consolidated into a new agency under DHS: U.S. Customs and Border Protection. The Federal Protective Service falls under the National Protection and Programs Directorate.

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Feat

A feat is a rare or difficult act or accomplishment.

Feat or FEAT may also refer to:

FEAT (album), a 2012 The Hood Internet album

Feat (d20 System), concept in role-playing game system d20

An abbreviation for featuring used in credit lists to indicate a guest appearance (common in music).

Far Eastern Air Transport

Feat (d20 System)

In the d20 System, a feat is one type of ability a character may gain through level progression. Feats are different from skills in that characters can vary in competency with skills, while feats typically provide set bonuses to or new ways to use existing abilities.

Feats were first implemented in the d20 System-premiering Dungeons & Dragons Third Edition, and were carried over into Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 Edition as well as most other d20-based role playing games. The addition of feats has generally been received approvingly by players, though some criticize a perceived focus on combat and potential for abuse by powergamers.

Characters typically start with one feat and gain one feat at each subsequent level which is evenly divisible by 3. Human characters typically start with an additional feat (as do Fighters in Dungeons and Dragons). Many feats have prerequisite levels, base attack bonuses, or other skills, feats or abilities which must be obtained before they can be acquired.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Feat_(d20_System)

Dungeons & Dragons gameplay

In the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, game mechanics and die rolls determine much of what happens. These mechanics include:

Ability scores, the most basic statistics of a character, which influence all other statistics

Armor class, how well-protected a character is against physical attack

Hit points, how much punishment a character can take before falling unconscious or dying

Saving throws, a character's defenses against nonphysical or area attacks (like poisons, fireballs, and enchantments)

Attack rolls and damage rolls, how effectively a character can score hits against, and inflict damage on, another character

Skills, how competent a character is in various areas of expertise

Feats, what special advantages a character has through natural aptitude or training

Ability scores

All player characters have six basic statistics:

Strength (STR): Strength is a measure of muscle, endurance and stamina combined. Strength affects the ability of characters to lift and carry weights, melee attack rolls, damage rolls (for both melee and ranged weapons), certain physical skills, several combat actions, and general checks involving moving or breaking objects.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Dungeons_&_Dragons_gameplay