- published: 31 Jul 2013
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Cardiovascular surgery is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. Frequently, it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, coronary artery bypass grafting), correct congenital heart disease, or treat valvular heart disease from various causes including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation.
The earliest operations on the pericardium (the sac that surrounds the heart) took place in the 19th century and were performed by Francisco RomeroDominique Jean Larrey, Henry Dalton, and Daniel Hale Williams. The first surgery on the heart itself was performed by Norwegian surgeon Axel Cappelen on the 4th of September 1895 at Rikshospitalet in Kristiania, now Oslo. He ligated a bleeding coronary artery in a 24 year old man who had been stabbed in the left axillae and was in deep shock upon arrival. Access was through a left thoracotomy. The patient awoke and seemed fine for 24 hours, but became ill with increasing temperature and he ultimately died from what the post mortem proved to be mediastinitis on the third postoperative day. The first successful surgery of the heart, performed without any complications, was by Dr. Ludwig Rehn of Frankfurt, Germany, who repaired a stab wound to the right ventricle on September 7, 1896.
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Each time we try
To make up and reconcile
I pray
It's the last time we try
Each time we decide
It would be better
To hide away
I pray
It's our last goodbye
Why do the love birds still fly?
They'll never die as long as you're around
Each day I pray
To be freed from thought
But no God can cut you loose from me
And the days linger on
I sing song after song
I'm in my room
Waiting for heart surgery
Why do the love birds still fly?
They'll never die as long as you're around
Why do our cars still collide
While there is no other car in sight?
Each time we try
To break up and say goodbye
I am cast by an unbreakable spell
I saw the devil in your eyes
And I wisely stepped aside