- published: 17 Dec 2013
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Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla, primarily from the Mexican species, Flat-leaved Vanilla (V. planifolia). The word vanilla, derived from the diminutive of the Spanish word vaina (vaina itself meaning sheath or pod), simply translates as little pod.Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican peoples cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid, called tlilxochitl by the Aztecs, and Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.
Initial attempts to cultivate vanilla outside Mexico and Central America proved futile because of the symbiotic relationship between the vanilla orchid and its natural pollinator, the local species of Melipona bee. It was not until 1837 that Belgian botanist Charles François Antoine Morren discovered this fact and pioneered a method of artificially pollinating the plant. The method proved financially unworkable and was not deployed commercially. In 1841, Edmond Albius, a 12-year-old slave who lived on the French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean, discovered the plant could be hand-pollinated. Hand-pollination allowed global cultivation of the plant.
Robert Matthew Van Winkle (born October 31, 1967), best known by his stage name Vanilla Ice, is an American rapper. Born in South Dallas, and raised in Texas and South Florida, Van Winkle released his debut album, Hooked, in 1989 through Ichiban Records, before signing a contract with SBK Records, a record label of the EMI Group which released a reformatted version of the album under the title To the Extreme. Van Winkle's single "Ice Ice Baby" was the first hip hop single to top the Billboard charts.
Although Van Winkle was successful, he later regretted his business arrangements with SBK, which had paid him to adopt a more commercial appearance to appeal to a mass audience and published fabricated biographical information without his knowledge. After surviving a suicide attempt, Van Winkle was inspired to change his musical style and lifestyle. While later albums by Van Winkle haven't charted or featured much radio airplay because of their less mainstream, rock-oriented sound, Vanilla Ice has had a loyal underground following. In 2009, Van Winkle began hosting The Vanilla Ice Project on DIY Network. His latest album WTF – Wisdom, Tenacity & Focus was released in August 2011. Van Winkle is currently signed to Psychopathic Records.
Actors: Bradley Liew (director), Bradley Liew (producer), Bradley Liew (editor), Bradley Liew (writer), Yugeindran Nair (writer), Yugeindran Nair (writer), Sheng Feixiang Lim (writer), Sheng Feixiang Lim (actor), Yugeindran Nair (actor), Sheng Feixiang Lim (writer), Jinn Chia (actor), Jinn Chia (writer), Just Plain Sash (composer),
Genres: Action, Comedy, Mystery, Short,Actors: Donny Boaz (actor), Barry Strickland (producer), Chico Benymon (actor), Stephon Davis (actor), Joseph A. Elmore Jr. (producer), Joseph A. Elmore Jr. (director), Joseph A. Elmore Jr. (editor), Joseph A. Elmore Jr. (writer), Theta Catalon (producer), Theta Catalon (producer), Theta Catalon (actress), Scott Szabo (composer), Carlos Sepulveda (actor), Kendrick Smith (actor), Derrick Pittman (miscellaneous crew),
Genres: Action, Crime, Drama,Actors: Kristen Baum (composer), Mike Chinea (producer), Mike Chinea (actor), Mike Chinea (writer), Anne Arles (actress), Tiffany Yen (actress), Tracey Collins (actress), Larry M. Costales (editor), Tracey Collins (actress), Larry M. Costales (director), D. Anthony Boone (actor), D. Anthony Boone (actor), Brandon Ruling (actor), Kathie Bostian (actress), Dyonna Harrison (actress),
Plot: When Cappy, the owner of Happy Fliers School of Aeronautical Knowledge faces bankruptcy he concocts schemes to save the school. One scheme, his Top Gun Training brings in a madcap group of characters that drive Jay Mie, the real flight instructor bananas.
Genres: Action, Comedy, Short,Actors: Adrian Martinez (actor), Tiffany Pulvino (actress), Michael Ciesla (actor), Boomer Tibbs (actor), Erin Casteel (miscellaneous crew), Allison Lane (actress), Adonis Williams (actor), James Parsons (miscellaneous crew), Lynn Mancinelli (actress), James Parsons (actor), Naomi McDougall Jones (actress), Jess Weber (actor), Ricky Garcia (actor), Ashley C. Williams (actress), Taylor Treadwell (actress),
Genres: Comedy,Actors: Kareena Kapoor (actress), Himanshu Nanda (miscellaneous crew), Pritam Chakraborty (composer), Bosco (miscellaneous crew), Rahul Nanda (miscellaneous crew), Salim (miscellaneous crew), Cesar (miscellaneous crew), Sanjoy Chowdhury (composer), Gopal Pandey (miscellaneous crew), Tusshar Kapoor (actor), Steven H. Bernard (editor), Rahul Singh (actor), John (actor), Rajeev Soorti (miscellaneous crew), Ayesha Takia (actress),
Plot: Kya Love Story Hai is the story of a carefree and wayward youth, Arjun Tusshar Kapoor, who experiences love-at-first-sight with Kaajal Ayesha Takia. It isn't a typical meet-cute situation - he follows her for some time before succeeding in breaking the ice. For Kaajal, Arjun is a mere acquaintance, but the latter is in love with her and afraid of conveying his feelings. On befriending her, he learns that she lost her mother years back and that her father was busy traveling abroad on business. A situation arises when Kaajal comes across a letter, which Arjun has written for the girl he loves, but she doesn't know to whom he is referring. Arjun deliberately asks her how she would reciprocate his love if she were the girl he was in love with? Kaajal's reply leaves Arjun self-introspecting, making him mysteriously disappear from the scene. In the mean time, a successful and snooty entrepreneur meets Kaajal. Following some heated verbal scuffles with her, he concludes that she would make for an appropriate life-partner because she was a stabilizing influence and kept him mellow. When Arjun returns to South Africa, during an astonishingly coincidental encounter, he finds Kaajal engaged to the entrepreneur! Destiny has entangled three hearts, but who will emerge victorious? Who will make the grand gesture? Kya Love Story Hai is a feel-good romantic comedy oriented at young love.
Keywords: beach, engagement, love, love-at-first-sight, marriage, mother, rugbyActors: Joe Filippone (actor), Dan Liechty (actor), Dan Liechty (writer), Michael T. Starks (director), Michael T. Starks (actor), Michael T. Starks (producer), Maria Garcia (actress), Karilyn T. Starks (actress), Karilyn T. Starks (producer), Nic Nassuet (actor), Karilyn T. Starks (writer), Chris Fitzgerald (composer), Ken Mostek (producer), Ian Storz (actor), Russell Costen (actor),
Plot: A rogue graffiti artist named Sean hitches a ride into Denver looking for a new canvas. He finds his billboard on the roof of a popular diner run by Kat (Karilyn T. Starks). The billboard is home to a vandalizing gang of upper class white suburbians, The Juice, led by Deefer. Sean must also escape the constant pursuit of his long time nemesis, Dalton, a bounty hunter from Amarillo. But more pressing than territorial scrapes, Sean must cope with a life of less solitude. Accustomed to the road, nothing could prepare the young writer for the warmth and compassion that awaits him in the Flat Dog Diner, let alone the indigestible food that comes with it. Has Sean taken on too much? Can he defend real art from the gangs of Denver? Can he avoid capture and confinement? And can he keep his distance from the family he has found in the diner itself? This comedy races through the darkest alleys of Denver and leads through the lives of the wealthy, the desperate, the lonely, and the lost.
Keywords: artist, dream, expectation, graffiti, hopeActors: Dwight Schultz (actor), Phil LaMarr (actor), John DiMaggio (actor), Maurice LaMarche (actor), Scott Menville (actor), Tomomichi Nishimura (actor), Scott Menville (actor), Tom Kenny (actor), Rick Gomez (actor), Steve Blum (actor), Crispin Freeman (actor), Kankurô Kudô (actor), Yuri Lowenthal (actor), Nao Ômori (actor), Dave Wittenberg (actor),
Plot: In Treasure Town, life can be both peaceful and violent. This is never truer than for our heroes, Black and White - two street kids who claim to traverse the urban city as if it were their own. But in this town, an undercurrent of evil exists and has its sights set on the pair of brothers, forcing them to engage in battle with an array of old-world Yakuza as well as dangerous assassins vying to rule the decaying metropolis, Treasure Town.
Keywords: amusement-park, anime, based-on-comic-book, based-on-manga, blood, burned-alive, cat, city, development, dreamActors: Glen A. Larson (writer), John de Lancie (actor), Glen A. Larson (producer), Stephen J. Cannell (writer), Vincent Schiavelli (actor), Timothy Carey (actor), Doug McClure (actor), Michael Winslow (actor), Joe Spinell (actor), Stephen J. Cannell (producer), Larry Cedar (actor), Roy Jenson (actor), Danny Wells (actor), Wayne Heffley (actor), Louie Elias (actor),
Genres: Drama,Actors: Glen A. Larson (writer), John de Lancie (actor), Glen A. Larson (producer), Stephen J. Cannell (writer), Vincent Schiavelli (actor), Timothy Carey (actor), Doug McClure (actor), Michael Winslow (actor), Joe Spinell (actor), Stephen J. Cannell (producer), Larry Cedar (actor), Roy Jenson (actor), Danny Wells (actor), Wayne Heffley (actor), Louie Elias (actor),
Genres: Drama,Actors: Christopher Pray (actor), Christopher Pray (writer), Robin Goodrow (producer), Robin Goodrow (actress), Robin Goodrow (writer), John Gilkerson (actor), Christina Metcalfe (producer),
Genres: Family,