Shrub swamp

Shrub swamps — also called scrub swamps or buttonbush swamps — are a type of freshwater wetland ecosystem occurring in areas too wet to become swamps (“true” or freshwater swamp forest), but too dry or too shallow to become marshes. They are often considered transitional (“mid-successional”) between wet meadows or fens and conifer or hardwood swamps.

By some classifications, shrub swamps must have at least 50% shrub cover and less than 20% tree cover. Other definitions specify large shrubs with small trees less than 35 feet in height. Creation of shrub swamps often follows a catastrophic event in a forested swamp (flood, cutting, fire, or windstorm). Another route of development is via drained meadows and fens which progress to shrub swamps as a transitional state to forested swamps.

Development

As a wet meadow matures it begins to fill in with vegetation and as this decomposes the soil thickens creating high spots (hummocks) above the water. Shrubs and small trees begin to grow on these. Shrub swamp water comes from run-off, streams and rivers and the water moves in and out of the swamp throughout the year. Consequently, they tend to be drier than wet meadows or forested swamps and permit water intolerant plant species to grow on the hummocks. Shrub swamps typically occur on organic soils, such as muck and shallow peat soils. Common plants found in the shrub swamps of North America include alders, willows, elderberry and highbush blueberry.

The Bush (Alaska)

In Alaska, the bush is any region of the State not connected to the North American road network or ready access to the State's Ferry System. A majority of Alaska's native populations live in the bush, where they make their living in similar fashion to their ancestors.

Geographically, the bush comprises the Alaska North Slope; Northwest Arctic; West, including the Baldwin Peninsula and Seward Peninsula; the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta; Southwest Alaska; Bristol Bay; Alaska Peninsula; and remote areas of the Alaska Panhandle and Interior.

Some of the larger communities in the bush include Bethel,Dillingham,King Salmon,Nome,Barrow,Katmai National Park,Kodiak Island,Kotzebue, and Unalaska-Dutch Harbor.

Most parts of Alaska that are off the road system can only be reached by a small bush airplane. Travel from place to place is typically accomplished by snowmobile, snow machine, boat, or dog sled.

References

The Untold Truth

The Untold Truth is the only album by the group Illegal, which was released on August 24, 1993, on Rowdy/Arista/BMG Records and featured production from Lord Finesse, Diamond D, Biz Markie, and Erick Sermon. The album was a minor success, peaking at #119 on the Billboard 200 and #19 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums. Three singles were released—"Back in the Day," and the Kris Kross/Da Youngstas diss tracks "Head or Gut" and "We Getz Buzy."

Track listing

Samples

The Untold

The Untold is a 2002 adventure horror film independently produced in Canada written and directed by Jonas Quastel. The SyFy Channel airs it under the title Sasquatch, which is also the title of the English version of the Canadian DVD release. And is also known as Inexplicable under the French version. The film is known under several different titles depending on the date and location of its release. It was first released in France at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2002. It was released on March 11, 2003 in Canada and the United States.

Plot

The Untold is the story of Harlan Knowles (Lance Henriksen), billionaire and President of Bio-Comp Industries, who heads up a team of experts in a quest to locate a company plane that disappeared over the remote forests of the Pacific Northwest. Knowles is obsessed with finding the plane and rescuing his daughter (Erica Parker), who was one of its passengers. The assembled team includes local guide Clayton Tyne (Russel Ferrier), renowned wilderness expert and author Winston Burg (Phil Granger) and the beautiful Marla Lawson (Andrea Roth). Soon, the team begins to suspect that Knowles' main objective is actually to recover the prototype of a DNA testing machine called the Huxley Project, which his company has spent years and millions of dollars developing. After finding the plane and its crew torn to shreds, the group tries to piece together clues about what could be responsible for the carnage. With the help of the Huxley prototype they discover they are facing a menace whose very existence is one of the world's greatest mysteries and the only people left to rescue may be themselves.