- published: 28 Feb 2011
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Example of widely used contactless smart cards are London's Oyster card, Hong Kong's Octopus card, Tokyo's Suica card, Nigeria's GoCard, Paris' Calypso/Navigo, the Dutch OV-Chipkaart and Lisbon's LisboaViva card, which predate the ISO/IEC 14443 standard. The following tables list smart cards used for public transportation and other electronic purse applications.
Singapore EZ-Link add value machine
Novosibirsk (Russia). Transport fare collection terminal CFT
Smartcard used for paying for public transportation in the Helsinki area; the card is read remotely.
A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC), is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated circuits. A smart card or microprocessor cards contain volatile memory and microprocessor components. The card is made of plastic, generally polyvinyl chloride, but sometimes acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or polycarbonate. Smart cards may also provide strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) within large organizations.
A smart card may have the following generic characteristics:
Smart cards can provide identification, authentication, data storage and application processing.
The benefits of smart cards are directly related to the volume of information and applications that are programmed for use on a card. A single contact/contactless smart card can be programmed with multiple banking credentials, medical entitlement, driver’s license/public transport entitlement, loyalty programs and club memberships to name just a few. Multi-factor and proximity authentication can and has been embedded into smart cards to increase the security of all services on the card. For example, a smart card can be programmed to only allow a contactless transaction if it is also within range of another device like a uniquely paired mobile phone. This can significantly increase the security of the smart card.
Christopher Tarnovsky a renowned hacker, was born April 20, 1971 in Nyack, NY. In 2002 Christopher was accused in a lawsuit filed by Canal Plus, who at that time was an employee of NDS. He was alleged to have extracted the source code of SECA card and posted it on a piracy site on 26 March 1999. The suite was withdrawn later.DirecTV a client of NDS demanded in 2001 that Tarnovsky should be kept away from their systems. He made a successful display of breaking into a Trusted Platform Module in 2008. It took Tarnovsky 9 months of study to discover the main contents of the module.
Christopher George Tarnovsky (born April 20,2012) is a American white hat hacker entrepreneur founder of Flylogic, Inc. in 2007. Tarnovsky was interviewed by Wired magazine June 2, 2008. Numbered 11 in PCWorld>Security> 12 ’White Hat’ Hackers You Should Know April 18, 2010.
Personal Life Tarnovsky was born in 1971 in Nyack, New York to Lois, a CPA, and George Tarnovsky, a hardware engineer. On his father’s side, Christopher is of Russian descent, and on his mother’s side, she is of German descent. Chris is first born American. He and his 2 brothers, Andy, Nickoli, were brought up in Maybrook, New York. After his parents’ separation in 1982, Chris and his brothers lived with their mother, and were latchkey kids. Tarnovsky was raised Presbyterian, he has since described himself as a believer of god but not religion.