Coordinates	39°44′21″N104°59′5″N
name	Tutti a casa
director	Luigi Comencini
producer	Dino De Laurentiis
writer	Age & ScarpelliLuigi ComenciniMarcello Fondato
starring	Alberto SordiEduardo De FilippoSerge ReggianiMatin BalsamNino CastelnuovoClaudio GoraJole MauroCarla Gravina
music	Angelo Francesco Lavagnino
cinematography	Carlo Carlini
editing	Giovannino Baragli
released	1960 5 November 1962|
runtime	120 Min
country
language	Italian
budget	}}

''Everybody Go Home'' () is a 1960 Italian film directed by Luigi Comencini. It features an international cast including the U.S. actors Martin Balsam, Alex Nicol and the Franco-Italian Serge Reggiani. Nino Manfredi was rejected for the starring role because Alberto Sordi wanted it.

Plot

Along the venetian seaside, on the morn of September the eight in 1943, Alberto Innocenzi (Alberto Sordi), junior NCO of the Royal Italian Army is shocked when (in response to the separate surrender signed by the Badoglio government in Cassibile) the former allies of the Wehrmacht surround and take by storm the base where he's stationed. After a comical exchange with a superior command he gets in touch with by telephone ("The incredible has happened, the Germans have joined the Allies and are attacking us!") he, along with some disbanded soldiers, manages to distance the German troops and is thoroughly shocked when, contrary to his plan of finding a higher echelon to which to report, most of the men accept the fact that the war is over for them and "everybody should just go home". This reaction at first angers him, but in the end he joins army engineer Ceccarelli (Serge Reggiani) and sergeant Fornaciari (Martin Balsam) in discarding the uniforms for civilian clothes and heading southwards for a veritable odissey along the Italian "boot", cut in two by German and Allied occupation and wracked by partisan warfare, bloody reprisals, German press-ganging and other perils. The trio meets a band of anti-fascist guerrillas but decline to join them (while an Italian army captain they met along the road does, turning into a partisan resistance fighter). Later Innocenzi, caught in the "everybody for himself" mentality which seems to dominate the landscape succumbs to the temptation of abandoning his mates to help a sultry black marketeer smuggle a load of flour to Rome, as she needs a driver and hasn't room for any other passengers. The deal goes awry due to a mechanical failure in a rubble-strewn town where the famished populace plunders the lorry and, after some recriminations and a brief scuffle Innocenzi rejoins his companions. Embarked on a greyhound they assist to the killing of a rookie, naive Italian soldier who tried to protect a Jewish girl during a German roundup; finally they manage to reach Fornaciari's rural home. The former sergeant is delighted of having returned to his young wife, children and old father and offers Innocenzi and Ceccarelli hospitality for the night; his wife reveals that the family has been hiding a former U.S. POW (Alex Nicol) who escaped from the Folpiano prison camp to protect him from the fascist militia patrols and Fornaciari, albeit grudgingly, accepts to keep protecting him. After a darkly humorous polenta dinner (served farm-style with salsa over a wooden table, where Innocenzi and the U.S. officer end up arguing over the right of reaching for the sausage length placed at the table's centre) they all go to sleep but a nighttime fascist patrol breaks in and manages to find the allied serviceman. Amidst the children's cries and his wife's weeping Fornaciari is hauled away toward a grim fate and Ceccarelli and Innocenzi flee the premises without being able to help. The couple manages to reach Littoria (now Latina) where Innocenzi's widowed father (Eduardo De Filippo) lives alone, and offers Ceccarelli (who is Neapolitan) to stay a few days before resuming his travel south. Innocenzi is shocked when his father introduces him to a fascist party leader who is recruiting men for the army of the fascist puppet state of Repubblica Sociale Italiana, instituted by the Germans after the liberation of Benito Mussolini from the Gran Sasso exile. His father angrily retorts at his objections, citing the misery he's living in and all the sacrifices he incurred in to make him study and allow him to become an army officer; a deep rift is created between father and son and Innocenzi asks Ceccarelli to take him south to Naples as well, to which the engineer happily consents. However Naples is in grimmer conditions than Rome, directly on the line of fire after the allied landing at Salerno, barely kept under control by brutal German detachments who round up able bodied men to send them to Germany as slave workers. To reach the city the duo passes through a roadblock manned by fanatical yet hungry fascists, Ceccarelli, generously chooses to sacrifice a suitcase of delicacies he was meant to deliver to the wife of his Commanding Officer (who had signed his dismissal on health grounds due to his persistent stomach ulcer). The situation (with the offering readily accepted by the roadblock patrol) causes much panic in Innocenzi, who had raided the case during a night-time train trip substituting the goods with stones and newspaper sheets; he urges his companion to run away before the fascists open it but they are unsuccessful. Innocenzi and Ceccarelli are pressed in an Organisation Todt rubble-clearing chain gang and manage to escape when the city insurges against the occupiers in the Four days of Naples. Desperately trying to reach his home, which is just a few blocks away, Ceccarelli is cut down in a hail of German fire, at which time Innocenzi decides that the real war to be waged is that against nazi occupiers and joins an insurgent band offering to man the Breda M 37 machine gun they have captured but can't operate. With a renewed stern look on his face Innocenzi opens fire against the Germans, bringing the movie to a close.

War-themed subgenre within postwar Italian cinema

The film is one of the most famous films of the Commedia all'italiana genre, and is set during the Allied invasion of Italy in 1943. It also belongs to a large genre of Italian films about Italy during the chaos after the invasion and double occupation of September 1943 - others include ''Rome, Open City'', ''Paisà'', ''General della Rovere'', ''Violent Summer'', ''Long Night in 1943'', ''Escape by Night'', ''Two Women'', ''The Fascist'', ''The Abandoned'', ''The Four Days of Naples'', and ''Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma.

Awards

Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Nastro d'Argento

*Winner: Best Production (Migliore Produzione)- Dino De Laurentiis

Moscow International Film Festival

*Winner: Special Golden Prize

See also

Military history of Italy during World War II

Allied invasion of Italy

External links

Category:1960 films Category:Italian films Category:Italian-language films Category:1960s comedy films Category:1960s drama films Category:Italian Campaign of World War II films Category:Commedia all'italiana Category:Black-and-white films Category:Films set in Italy Category:Films directed by Luigi Comencini

de:Der Weg zurück (Film) fr:La Grande Pagaille it:Tutti a casa pt:Tutti a casa

Coordinates	39°44′21″N104°59′5″N
name	Alberto Sordi
birth date	June 15, 1920
birth place	Rome
death date	February 25, 2003
death place	Rome
other names	Albertone
website	http://albertosordi.it }}

Alberto Sordi, also known as Albertone, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (June 15, 1920 – February 25, 2003) was an Italian actor. He was also a film director and the dubbing voice of Oliver Hardy in the Italian version of the Laurel & Hardy films.

Early life

Born in Rome to a schoolteacher and a musician, Sordi enrolled in Milan's dramatic arts academy but was kicked out because of his thick Roman accent. It was his accent that would later prove to be his trademark.

Career

In a career that spanned seven decades, Sordi established himself as an icon of Italian cinema with his representative skills at both comedy and light drama. His movie career began in the late 1930s with bit parts and secondary characters in wartime movies. After the war he began working as a dubber for the Italian versions of Laurel and Hardy shorts, voicing Oliver Hardy. Early roles included Fellini's'' The White Sheik ''in 1952, Fellini's ''I vitelloni ''(1953), a movie about young slackers, in which he plays a weak, effeminate immature loafer and a starring role in ''Lo scapolo'' (''The Bachelor'') playing a single man trying to find love. In 1959 he appeared in Monicelli's ''The Great War'', considered by many critics and film historians to be one of the best Italian comedies. The Hollywood Foreign Press recognized his abilities when he was awarded a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Actor in a Musical or Comedy for ''Il diavolo'' (1963). Sordi acted alongside Britain’s David Niven in the World War II comedy ''The Best of Enemies'' and in 1965 he was in another highly regarded comedy, ''I complessi'' (''Complexes'').

Sordi also succeeded in dramatic roles, most notably in 1977's ''Un borghese piccolo piccolo'' (''An Average Little Man'') in which he portrays an elderly whose son is killed in an armed robbery, and sets out to exact revenge.

In 1984, he directed and co-scripted ''Tutti dentro'' (''Off to jail, everybody''), in which he played a judge who has warrants for corruption served on ministers and businessmen. Alberto Sordi was really masterful in two broad roles: one being the one of the underdog, militating against injustices and prevarications, the other that of the prevaricator himself. One has only to watch his performances as the returning emigrant unjustly convicted in ''Detenuto in attesa di giudizio'' or the miserly sub-proletarian of Lo scopone scientifico teased by the old millionaire Bette Davis into endless card games where he hopes to find release from his poverty to appreciate his skills in the first role, while the rampant, unscrupulous doctor he plays in ''Il medico della mutua ''is the perfect example of his aptness at rendering characters who were both truly despicable and completely believable. In 1985, he was a member of the jury at the 35th Berlin International Film Festival.

Sordi died shortly before his eighty-third birthday following a heart attack. A crowd in excess of a million gathered to pay their last respects at his funeral by the Basilica of St. John Lateran, the largest of such event ever attended in Rome, second only to that of Pope John Paul II who died two years later.

Filmography

Actor

''Scipione l'africano'' (1937)

''Il feroce Saladino'' (1937)

''La principessa Tarakanova'' (1938)

''La notte delle beffe'' (1939)

''Cuori nella tormenta'' (1940)

''Le signorine della villa accanto'' (1941)

''Giarabub'' (1942)

''La signorina'' (1942)

''I tre aquilotti'' (1942)

''Casanova farebbe così!'' (1942)

''Sant'Elena piccola isola'' (1943)

''Chi l'ha visto?'' (1943)

''Tre ragazze cercano marito'' (1944)

''Circo equestre Za-Bum'' (1944; segment "Galop finale al circo")

''L'innocente Casimiro'' (1945)

''Le miserie del signor Travet'' (1945)

''Il Passatore'' (1946)

''Il delitto di Giovanni Episcopo'' (1947)

''Il vento m'ha cantato una canzone'' (1947)

''Che tempi!'' (1948)

''Sotto il sole di Roma'' (1948)

''Mamma mia, che impressione!'' (1951)

''Cameriera bella presenza offresi...'' (1951)

''È arrivato l'accordatore (Zero in amore)'' (1952)

''Totò e i re di Roma'' (1952)

''Lo sceicco bianco(aka The White Sheik)'' (1952)

''I vitelloni'' (1953)

''Canzoni, canzoni, canzoni'' (1953)

''Ci troviamo in galleria'' (1953)

''Due notti con Cleopatra'' (1953)

''Amori di mezzo secolo'' (1953; segment "Dopoguerra 1920")

''Un giorno in pretura'' (1953)

''Tempi nostri'' (1954; segment "Scusi, ma...")

''Il matrimonio'' (1954)

''Via Padova 46 (Lo scocciatore)'' (1954)

''Tripoli, bel suol d'amore'' (1954)

''Gran Varietà'' (1954; segment: "Fregoli")

''L'allegro squadrone'' (1954)

''Il seduttore'' (1954)

''Accadde al commissariato'' (1954)

''Una parigina a Roma'' (1954)

''Un americano a Roma'' (1954)

''L'arte di arrangiarsi'' (1955)

''Il segno di Venere'' (1955)

''Buonanotte... avvocato!'' (1955)

''Un eroe dei nostri tempi'' (1955)

''La bella di Roma'' (1955)

''Accadde al penitenziario'' (1955)

''Bravissimo'' (1955)

''Piccola posta'' (1955)

''Lo scapolo'' (1955)

''I pappagalli'' (1955)

''Guardia, guardia scelta, brigadiere e maresciallo'' (1956)

''Mio figlio Nerone'' (1956)

''Mi permette, babbo!'' (1956)

''Era di venerdì 17'' (1956)

''Arrivano i dollari!'' (1956)

''Souvenir d'Italie'' (1957)

''Il conte Max'' (1957)

''A Farewell to Arms'' (1957)

''Il medico e lo stregone'' (1957)

''Ladro lui, ladra lei'' (1957)

''Il marito'' (1958)

''Fortunella'' (1958)

''Domenica è sempre domenica'' (1958)

''Le septième ciel'' (1958)

''Venezia, la luna e tu'' (1958)

''Racconti d'estate'' (1958)

''Nella città l'inferno'' (1958)

''Oh, que Mambo!'' (1959)

''Policarpo, ufficiale di scrittura'' (1959, cameo)

''Il moralista'' (1959)

''I magliari'' (1959)

''Vacanze d'inverno'' (1959)

''Costa Azzurra'' (1959)

''La grande guerra'' (1959)

''Il vedovo'' (1959)

''Brevi amori a Palma di Majorca'' (1959)

''Gastone'' (1959)

''Tutti a casa'' (1960)

''Il vigile'' (1960)

''Crimen'' (1960)

''I due nemici'' (1961)

''The Last Judgement'' (1961)

''Una vita difficile'' (1961)

''Il commissario'' (1962)

''Mafioso'' (1962)

''Il diavolo'' (1962)

''Il Boom'' (1963)

''Il maestro di Vigevano'' (1963)

''Tentazioni proibite'' (1963, cameo)

''La mia signora'' (1964)

''Il disco volante'' (1964)

''I tre volti'' (1964; segment "Latin lover")

''Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines'' (1965)

''I complessi'' (1965; segment "Guglielmo il dentone")

''Thrilling'' (1965; segment "L'autostrada del sole")

''Made in Italy'' (1965; segment 2 of Chapter 2, "La famiglia")

''Fumo di Londra'' (1966)

''I nostri mariti'' (1966; segment "Il marito di Roberta")

''Le fate'' (1966: segment "Fata Marta")

''Scusi, lei è favorevole o contrario?'' (1966)

''Le streghe'' (1967; segment "Senso civico")

''Un italiano in America'' (1967)

''Il medico della mutua'' (1968)

''Riusciranno i nostri eroi a ritrovare l'amico misteriosamente scomparso in Africa?'' (1968)

''Amore mio, aiutami'' (1969)

''Nell'anno del Signore'' (1969)

''Il Prof. Dott. Guido Tersilli, primario della clinica Villa Celeste, convenzionata con le mutue'' (1969)

''Contestazione generale'' (1970; segment "Il prete")

''Il presidente del Borgorosso Football Club'' (1970)

''Le coppie'' (1970; segments "La camera" and "Il leone")

''Detenuto in attesa di giudizio'' (1971)

''Bello, onesto, emigrato Australia sposerebbe compaesana illibata'' (1971)

''Lo scopone scientifico'' (''The Scientific Cardplayer'') (1972)

''La più bella serata della mia vita'' (1972)

''Roma'' (1972)

''Anastasia mio fratello ovvero il presunto capo dell'anonima assassini'' (1973)

''Polvere di stelle'' (1973)

''Finché c'è guerra c'è speranza'' (1974)

''Di che segno sei?'' (1975; segment "Il fuoco")

''Il comune senso del pudore'' (1976; first segment)

''Quelle strane occasioni'' (segment: "L'ascensore")

''Un borghese piccolo piccolo'' (1977)

1977: ''I nuovi mostri'' (segments: "First Aid", "Come una regina" and "L'elogio funebre")

''Dove vai in vacanza?'' (1978; segment "Le vacanze intelligenti"), regìa di Alberto Sordi (nel ruolo di Remo)

''L'ingorgo'' (1978)

''Le témoin'' (1979)

''Il malato immaginario'' (1979)

''Io e Caterina'' (1980)

''Il marchese del Grillo'' (1981)

''Io so che tu sai che io so'' (1982)

''In viaggio con papà'' (1982)

''Il tassinaro'' (1983)

''Bertoldo, Bertoldino e Cacasenno'' (1984)

''Tutti dentro'' (1984)

''Sono un fenomeno paranormale'' (1985)

''Troppo forte'' (1985)

''Un tassinaro a New York'' (1987)

''Una botta di vita'' (1988)

''I promessi sposi'' (TV, 1989)

''L'avaro'' (1989)

''In nome del popolo sovrano'' (1990)

''Vacanze di Natale '91'' (1991)

''Assolto per aver commesso il fatto'' (1992)

''Nestore, l'ultima corsa'' (1994)

''Romanzo di un giovane povero'' (1995)

''Incontri proibiti'' (1998)

Director

''Fumo di Londra'' (1966)

''Scusi, lei è favorevole o contrario?'' (1966)

''Un italiano in America'' (1967)

''Amore mio, aiutami'' (1969)

''Le coppie'' (segment "La camera")

''Polvere di stelle'' (1973)

''Finché c'è guerra c'è speranza'' (1974)

''Il comune senso del pudore'' (1976)

''Dove vai in vacanza?'' (1978; segment "Le vacanze intelligenti")

''Io e Caterina'' (1980)

''Io so che tu sai che io so'' (1982)

''In viaggio con papà'' (1982)

''Il tassinaro'' (1983)

''Tutti dentro'' (1984)

''Un tassinaro a New York'' (1987)

''Assolto per aver commesso il fatto'' (1992)

''Nestore, l'ultima corsa'' (1994)

''Incontri proibiti'' (1998)

Voice actor in Italian-language versions

1938: ''Avventura a Vallechiara'', regia di ''John Blyston'' (voce di ''Ollio'')

1939: ''I diavoli volanti'', regia di ''Edward Sutherland'' (voce di ''Ollio'')

1940: ''Noi siamo le colonne'', regia di ''Alfred Goulding'' (voce di ''Ollio'')

1942: ''Casablanca'', by ''Michael Curtiz'' (voice of ''Curt Bois'', the thief)

1945: ''The Valley of Decision'', by ''Tay Garnett'' (voice of ''Preston Foster'')

1946: ''Abbasso la ricchezza!'', regìa di ''Gennaro Righelli'' (voce di ''Vittorio Mottini'')

1946: ''It's a Wonderful Life, by ''Frank Capra'' (voice of ''l'autista di taxi'')

1947: ''New Orleans'' , by ''Arthur Lubin'' (voice of ''Woody Herman'')

1947: ''Humoresque'' , by ''Jean Negulesco'' (voice of ''Craig Stevens'')

1948: ''Ladri di biciclette'', regìa di ''Vittorio De Sica'' (voce del venditore di biciclette a Porta Portese, attore non identificato)

1949: ''Domenica d'agosto'', regìa di ''Luciano Emmer'' (voce di ''Marcello Mastroianni'')

1950: ''Cronaca di un amore'', regìa di ''Michelangelo Antonioni'' (voice of ''Franco Fabrizi'')

1950: ''Prima comunione'', regìa di ''Alessandro Blasetti'' (voce fuori campo del narratore)

1956: ''I pinguini ci guardano'', regìa di ''Guido Leoni'' (voce fuori campo di un'animale)

Theatre

Actor

1936-1937: ''San Giovanni'', Compagnia di Aldo Fabrizi e Anna Fougez

1938-1939: ''Ma in campagna è un'altra... rosa'', Compagnia di Guido Riccioli e Nanda Primavera

1941-1942: ''Tutto l'oro del mondo'', Compagnia di Guido Fineschi e Maria Donati

1942-1943: ''Teatro della caricatura'', accanto a Fanfulla

1943-1944: ''Ritorna Za-Bum'', di Marcello Marchesi, regìa di Mario Mattòli

''Sai che ti dico?'', di Marcello Marchesi, regìa di Mario Mattòli

1944-1945: ''Un mondo di armonie'', rivista musicale di Alberto Semprini

''Imputati... alziamoci!'', di Michele Galdieri

1945-1946: ''Soffia so'...'', di Pietro Garinei e Sandro Giovannini

''Soffia so'... n. 2'', di Pietro Garinei e Sandro Giovannini

1947-1948: ''E lui dice...'', di Benecoste, regìa di Oreste Biancoli e Adolfo Celi

1952-1953: ''Gran baraonda'', di Pietro Garinei e Sandro Giovannini, accanto a Wanda Osiris

Composer and singer

1966: ''You never told me'' (Sordi - Piccioni) sung by Lydia MacDonald in the movie ''Fumo di Londra'' and in Italiano by Mina with title ''Breve amore''

1966: ''Richmond bridge'' (Sordi - Piccioni) sung by Lydia MacDonald in the movie ''Fumo di Londra''

1973: ''Ma 'ndo... Hawaii?'' (Sordi - Piccioni) sung by Alberto Sordi and Monica Vitti in the movie ''Polvere di stelle''

Awards

Sordi won seven David di Donatello, Italy's most prestigious film award, holding the record of David di Donatello as best actor, and four awards for his works from the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists. He also received a Golden Lion for lifetime achievement at the Venice Film Festival in 1995, and The Golden Globe Award for his performance as an Italian labourer stranded in Sweden in ''To Bed or Not to Bed.'' In 1999, the city of Rome made him honorary mayor for a day to celebrate his eightieth birthday.

At the 22nd Berlin International Film Festival, he won the Silver Bear for Best Actor award for ''Detenuto in attesa di giudizio''.

He received honorary citizenship from Kansas city, Missouri, for his references to the city in the 1954 film "Un americano a Roma".

References

External links

Category:1920 births Category:2003 deaths Category:Deaths from myocardial infarction Category:People from Rome (city) Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Italian actors Category:Italian film directors Category:Italian voice actors

an:Alberto Sordi ca:Alberto Sordi de:Alberto Sordi es:Alberto Sordi fr:Alberto Sordi io:Alberto Sordi id:Alberto Sordi it:Alberto Sordi la:Albertus Sordi hu:Alberto Sordi nl:Alberto Sordi ja:アルベルト・ソルディ oc:Alberto Sordi pt:Alberto Sordi ro:Alberto Sordi ru:Сорди, Альберто sr:Алберто Сорди sh:Alberto Sordi sv:Alberto Sordi

Coordinates	39°44′21″N104°59′5″N
name	Luigi Comencini
birth date	8 June 1916
birth place	Salò, Lombardy, Italy
death date	April 06, 2007
death place	Rome, Italy
yearsactive	1937–1991
notable role	}}

Luigi Comencini (8 June 1916, Salò – 6 April 2007) was an Italian film director. Together with Dino Risi, Ettore Scola and Mario Monicelli, he was considered among the masters of the ''commedia all'italiana'' genre.

His daughters Cristina and Francesca are both film directors.

Biography

Comencini was born in Salò.

His first successful movie was ''L'imperatore di Capri'', featuring Totò. Comencini's 1953 ''Pane, amore e fantasia'', with Vittorio De Sica and Gina Lollobrigida, is considered a primary example of ''neorealismo rosa'' (pink neorealism). It was followed by ''Pane, amore e gelosia''.

After a first work with Alberto Sordi (''La bella di Roma'', 1955), Comencini again directed the Roman actor in what is considered his masterwork, ''Tutti a casa'', a bitter comedy about Italy after the armistice of 1943. Also set in World War II, but devoted to the Italian partisans, are ''La ragazza di Bube'' (1963). This was followed by ''Incompreso'' (1966, based on the English novel by Florence Montgomery).

Comencini obtainted an outstanding success with what is ranked amongst the best production of Italian television ever, ''Le avventure di Pinocchio'' (1972). In the same year he directed the feature film ''Lo scopone scientifico'', a notable dark comedy with Sordi and Silvana Mangano. In 1975 he released the mystery ''La donna della domenica'', featuring Marcello Mastroianni, Jacqueline Bisset and Jean-Louis Trintignant.

Comencini subsequent works were characterized by the presence of one of most important Italian actors of the time, such as Ugo Tognazzi in ''Il gatto'' (1977) and Nino Manfredi for his episode of ''Basta che non si sappia in giro''. In the 1980s Comencini's movies met with less success but his ''Cuore'' television series of 1984 was praised.

He died in Rome after a long illness in 2007.

Filmography

''Bambini in città'' (1947)

''Proibito rubare'' (1948)

''L'imperatore di Capri'' (1949)

''L'ospedale del delitto'' (1950)

''Persiane chiuse'' (1950)

''La tratta delle bianche'' (1953)

''La valigia dei sogni'' (1953)

''Pane, amore e fantasia'' (1953)

''Pane, amore e gelosia'' (1954)

''La bella di Roma'' (1955)

''La finestra sul Luna Park'' (1957)

''Mariti in città'' (1957)

''Mogli pericolose'' (1958)

''Le sorprese dell'amore'' (1959)

''And That on Monday Morning'' (1959)

''Everybody Go Home'' (''Tutti a casa'') (1960)

''A cavallo della tigre'' (1961)

''Il commissario'' (1962)

''La ragazza di Bube'' (1963)

''Tre notti d'amore'' (1964)

''La mia signora'' (1964)

''Il compagno Don Camillo'' (1965)

''La bugiarda'' (1965)

''Le bambole'' (1965, episode "Il trattato di eugenetica")

''Incompreso'' (1966)

''Italian secret service'' (1968)

''Infanzia, vocazione e prime esperienze di Giacomo Casanova, veneziano'' (1969)

''Senza sapere niente di lei'' (1969)

''Le avventure di Pinocchio'' (1972, TV series)

''Lo scopone scientifico'' (''The Scientific Cardplayer'') (1972)

''Delitto d'amore'' (1974)

''Mio Dio come sono caduta in basso'' (1974)

''La donna della domenica'' (1975)

''Basta che non si sappia in giro'' (1976, episode "L'equivoco'')

''Quelle strane occasioni'' (1976)

''Signore e signori, buonanotte'' (1976)

''Il gatto'' (1977)

''L'ingorgo - Una storia impossibile'' (1978)

''Voltati Eugenio'' (1980)

''Cercasi Gesù'' (1982)

''Cuore'' (1984, TV series)

''Un ragazzo di Calabria'' (1987)

''La Bohème'' (1988)

''Buon Natale... buon anno'' (1989)

''Marcellino'' (1992)

References

External links

Obituary at ''The Guardian''

Category:1916 births Category:2007 deaths Category:People from Salò Category:Italian film directors Category:Italian Waldensians

an:Luigi Comencini cs:Luigi Comencini de:Luigi Comencini el:Λουίτζι Κομεντσίνι es:Luigi Comencini fa:لوئیجی کومنچینی fr:Luigi Comencini it:Luigi Comencini hu:Luigi Comencini nl:Luigi Comencini ja:ルイジ・コメンチーニ pt:Luigi Comencini ru:Коменчини, Луиджи sk:Luigi Comencini uk:Луїджі Коменчині

Coordinates	39°44′21″N104°59′5″N
name	Jayne Mansfield
birth name	Vera Jayne Palmer
birth date	April 19, 1933
birth place	Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States
death date	June 29, 1967
death place	Slidell, Louisiana, United States
occupation	Actress, singer, model
years active	1954–1967
spouse
children	Jayne Marie Mansfield (b. 1950)Miklós "Mickey" Hargitay, Jr. (b. 1958)Zolton Hargitay (b. 1960)Mariska Hargitay (b. 1964)Antonio "Tony" Cimber (b. 1966) }}

Jayne Mansfield (April 19, 1933June 29, 1967) was an American actress working both on Broadway and in Hollywood. One of the leading blonde sex symbols of the 1950s, Mansfield starred in several popular Hollywood films that emphasized her platinum-blonde hair, hourglass figure and cleavage-revealing costumes.

While Mansfield's film career was short-lived, she had several box office successes. She won the Theatre World Award, a Golden Globe and a Golden Laurel.

Mansfield's well-remembered for her starring roles (as a blonde stereotype) in three 20th Century Fox films: ''The Girl Can't Help It'' (1956); ''Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?'' (1957); and, ''The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw'' (1958); however, ''Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?'' was the most successful of the three, fore, Mansfield starred in the play and the film version; therefore, this film is better known.

As the demand for blonde bombshells declined in the 1960s, Mansfield was relegated to low-budget film melodramas and comedies, but remained a popular celebrity. Her most noted film in the '60s was the romantic-comedy, ''Promises! Promises!'' (1963), in which she appeared nude in four scenes.

In her later career she continued to attract large crowds in foreign countries and in lucrative and successful nightclub tours. Mansfield had been a ''Playboy'' Playmate of the Month and appeared in the magazine several additional times. She died in an automobile accident at age 34.

Early life

name	Jayne Mansfield
issue	February 1955
bust
waist
hips
height	(5ft 8in according to her autopsy)
preceded	Bettie Page
succeeded	óMarilyn Waltz }}

Jayne Mansfield was the only child of Herbert William and Vera (née Jeffrey) Palmer. Her birthname was Vera Jayne Palmer. A natural brunette, she was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, but spent her early childhood in Phillipsburg, New Jersey. She was of Cornish, German and English ancestry. Her parents came from Pen Argyl where an estimated eight out of ten people bear Cornish slate mining forebears. When she was three years old, her father, a lawyer who was in practice with future New Jersey governor Robert B. Meyner, died of a heart attack while driving a car with his wife and daughter. After his death, her mother worked as a school teacher. In 1939, when Vera Palmer remarried, the family moved to Dallas, Texas. Mansfield's desire to become an actress developed at an early age. In 1950, Vera Jayne Palmer married Paul Mansfield, thus becoming Jayne Mansfield, and the couple moved to Austin, Texas.

She studied dramatics at the University of Dallas and the University of Texas at Austin, having only attended Highland Park High School until her junior year. Her acting aspirations were temporarily put on hold with the birth of her first child, Jayne Marie Mansfield, on November 8, 1950, when Mansfield was 17. She juggled motherhood and classes at the University of Texas, then spent a year at Camp Gordon, Georgia, while Paul Mansfield served in the United States Army. She entered the Miss California contest, hiding her marital status, and won in the local round before withdrawing. Her husband, Paul Mansfield, hoped the birth of their child would discourage her interest in acting. When it did not, he agreed to move to Los Angeles in late 1954 to help further her career. In 1954, they moved to Los Angeles and she studied dramatics at UCLA. Between a variety of odd jobs, including a stint as a candy vendor at a movie theatre, she attended UCLA during the summer, and then went back to Texas for fall quarter at Southern Methodist University. She posed nude for the February 1955 issue of ''Playboy'', an event that helped to push the magazine's circulation and launch Mansfield's career. In 1964, ''Playboy'' reran that pictorial.

In Dallas, she became a student of actor Baruch Lumet, father of director Sidney Lumet and founder of the Dallas Institute of the Performing Arts. On October 22, 1953, she first appeared on stage in a production of Arthur Miller's ''Death of a Salesman''. Frequent references have been made to Mansfield's very high IQ, which she advertised as 163. She spoke five languages, and was a classically trained pianist and violinist. Mansfield admitted her public did not care about her brains. "They're more interested in 40-21-35," she said. While attending the University of Texas, she won several beauty contests, with titles that included "Miss Photoflash," "Miss Magnesium Lamp" and "Miss Fire Prevention Week." The only title she ever turned down was "Miss Roquefort Cheese", because she believed it "just didn't sound right." Early in her career, the prominence of her breasts was considered problematic, leading her to be cut from her first professional assignment, an advertising campaign for General Electric, which depicted several young women in bathing suits relaxing around a pool.

Film career

Mid 1950s

Mansfield's first movie role was as a supporting role as Candy Price in, ''Female Jungle'' (1955), a low-budget drama, filmed in just ten days. Jayne's part was filmed in just a few days; she was paid $150 for her performance. ''Female Jungle'' was released in January 1955, by producer, Burt Kaiser. In early 1955, Jayne was noticed by Warner Bros. and signed to a six month contract; Warner wanted Jayne to be the studio's version of Marilyn Monroe, because Monroe was widely popular and made millions of dollars for 20th Century Fox. She was signed by the studio after one of its talent scouts discovered her in a production at the Pasadena Playhouse. Mansfield was then given a bit part in ''Pete Kelly's Blues'' (1955), which starred, and, was directed by Jack Webb. Soon after the film's release, Warner Bros. lent Jayne out to RKO for a small role in ''Underwater!'' (1955), starring Jane Russell. Mansfield was one of the many girls in bikinis by the pool; she was on screen for no more than two seconds.

In 1955, Paul Wendkos offered her the dramatic role of Gladden in ''The Burglar'' (1957), his film adaptation of David Goodis' novel. The film was done in film noir style, and Mansfield appeared alongside Dan Duryea and Martha Vickers. ''The Burglar'' was released two years later, when Mansfield's fame was at its peak. She was successful in this straight dramatic role, though most of her subsequent film appearances would be either comedic in nature or capitalize on her sex appeal.

She made one more movie with Warner Bros., which gave her another small, but important role as Angel O'Hara, opposite Edward G. Robinson, in ''Illegal'' (1955). The film offered another rare serious performance by Mansfield. After leaving Warner Bros., Mansfield made an uncredited cameo appearance in ''Hell on Frisco Bay'' (1955), starring Alan Ladd.

Late 1950s

In 1955, she enjoyed a successful Broadway run acting in ''Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?''. This wild comedy starred Mansfield as Rita Marlowe, a wild blonde Hollywood actress. The play also starred Orson Bean and Walter Matthau. Returning to Hollywood on May 3, 1956, Mansfield signed a six-year contract with 20th Century Fox. Fox had plans to mold Jayne as another Marilyn Monroe, to threaten Monroe when she got out of line. The studio advertised her as "Marilyn Monroe King Sized". She was then given her first starring role as Jerri Jordan in the film production of Frank Tashlin's ''The Girl Can't Help It'' (1956). The film features some early performances from Gene Vincent, Eddie Cochran, Fats Domino, The Platters and Little Richard.

Mansfield then played a dramatic role in ''The Wayward Bus'' in 1957. In this film, she attempted to move away from her "dumb blonde" image and establish herself as a serious actress. This film was adapted from John Steinbeck's novel, and the cast included Dan Dailey and Joan Collins. The film enjoyed reasonable success at the box office. She won a Golden Globe in 1957 for New Star Of The Year – Actress, beating Carroll Baker and Natalie Wood, for her performance as a "wistful derelict" in ''The Wayward Bus''. It was "generally conceded to have been her best acting", according to ''The New York Times'', in a fitful career hampered by her flamboyant image, distinctive voice ("a soft-voiced coo punctuated with squeals"), voluptuous figure, and limited acting range. Mansfield reprised her role of Rita Marlowe in the 1957 movie version of ''Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?'', co-starring Tony Randall and Joan Blondell. ''The Girl Can't Help It'' and ''Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?'' were popular successes in their day and are considered classics. ''Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?'' is known as Mansfield's "signature film", because Jayne starred in both the play and film version.

Mansfield's fourth starring role in a Hollywood film was in ''Kiss Them for Me'' (1957) in which she received prominent billing alongside Cary Grant. However, in the film itself, she is little more than comedy relief while Grant's character shows a preference for a sleek, demure redhead portrayed by fashion model Suzy Parker. ''Kiss Them for Me'' was a box office disappointment and would prove to be her final starring role in a mainstream Hollywood studio film. The movie was described as "vapid" and "ill-advised". It also marked one of the last attempts by 20th Century Fox to publicize her. The continuing publicity around her physical presence failed to sustain her career. Mansfield was then offered a part opposite James Stewart and Jack Lemmon in ''Bell, Book and Candle'' (1958), but had to turn it down due to pregnancy. Afterward, Mansfield got word that her rival Kim Novak would replace her in the film.

In 1958, Fox gave Mansfield the lead role as Kate opposite Kenneth More in the western spoof ''The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw''. Despite being filmed in 1958, ''The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw'', was not released in the United States until 1959. ''The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw'' required Jayne to sing three songs; she was not a trained singer, so the studio dubbed Mansfield's voice with singer/actress Connie Francis. When released in the United States, ''The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw'' was a success; it was her last mainstream successful film.

1960s

Despite the publicity and her public popularity, good film roles dried up for Mansfield after 1959. She kept busy in a series of low-budget films, mostly made in Europe. Fox tried to cast Mansfield opposite Paul Newman in his ill-fated first attempt at comedy, ''Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys!'' (1958), but Mansfield's ''Wayward Bus'' co-star Joan Collins was selected instead. In 1959, Fox lent her to appear in two independent gangster thrillers in England: ''The Challenge'', co-starring Anthony Quayle, and ''Too Hot to Handle'', co-starring Christopher Lee. Both films were low-budgeted, and their American releases were delayed; ''Too Hot to Handle'' was released in the US in 1961 as ''Playgirl After Dark'', while ''The Challenge'' would not be seen by American audiences until 1963, under the title ''It Takes a Thief''.

When she returned to Hollywood in mid-1960, 20th Century-Fox cast her in ''It Happened in Athens'' (1962). She received first billing above the title, but only appears in a supporting role. ''It Happened in Athens'' starred a handsome newcomer, Trax Colton, a "unknown" whom Fox was trying to mold into a big star. This Olympic Games-based film was shot in Greece, in the fall of 1960, but was not released until June 1962. It was a box-office flop, and Mansfield's 20th Century-Fox contract was dropped.

In 1961, Jayne signed on to play Lisa Lang in, ''The George Raft Story'', starring Ray Danton as the actor. Jayne accepted the part mainly for the money, and because the film was going to be filmed in Hollywood, rather in Europe. Soon after the release of ''The George Raft Story'', Jayne returned to European films to find work. Over the next few years, Mansfield mainly appeared in low-budgeted foreign films, such as ''Panic Button'', ''Heimweh nach St. Pauli'', ''Einer Frisst den anderen'', and, ''L'Amore Primitivo''.

thumb|left|In ''Promises! Promises!'', the first Hollywood motion picture with sound to feature a mainstream star in the nude In 1963, Tommy Noonan persuaded Mansfield to become the first mainstream American actress to appear nude with a starring role, in the film ''Promises! Promises!''. Photographs of a naked Mansfield on the set were published in the June 1963 issue of ''Playboy'', which resulted in obscenity charges being filed against Hugh Hefner in Chicago municipal court. ''Promises! Promises!'' was banned in Cleveland, but enjoyed box office success elsewhere. As a result of the film's success, Mansfield landed on the Top 10 list of Box Office Attractions for that year. The autobiographical book, ''Jayne Mansfield's Wild, Wild World'', which she co-authored with her husband at the time, Mickey Hargitay, was published right after ''Promises! Promises!'' and contains 32 pages of black-and-white photographs from the film printed on glossy paper.

In 1966, Mansfield was cast opposite Mamie Van Doren and Ferlin Husky in ''The Las Vegas Hillbillys'', a low-budget comedy released by Woolner Brothers. Despite her career setbacks, Mansfield remained a highly visible personality through the early 1960s through her publicity antics and stage performances. In early 1967, Fox cast Mansfield in a cameo appearance in ''A Guide for the Married Man'' a comedy starring Walter Matthau, Robert Morse, and Inger Stevens. Mansfield received seventh billing. For her last film ''Single Room Furnished'', Mansfield acted without makeup and wore black wig to break out of the stereotype. This film was filmed in 1967, but was not released until mid 1968.

Career outside film

Stage work

Mansfield acted on stage as well as in film. In 1955, she went to New York and appeared in a prominent role in the Broadway production of George Axelrod's comedy ''Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?''. The ''New York Times'' described the "commendable abandon" of her scantily clad rendition of Rita Marlowe in the play, "a platinum-pated movie siren with the wavy contours of Marilyn Monroe. In October 1957, Mansfield went on a 16-country tour of Europe for 20th Century Fox. She also appeared in stage productions of ''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'' and ''Bus Stop'', which were well reviewed and co-starred Hargitay.

Dissatisfied with her film roles, Mansfield and Hargitay headlined at the Dunes in Las Vegas in an act called ''The House of Love'', for which the actress earned $35,000 a week. It proved to be such a hit that she extended her stay, and 20th Century Fox Records subsequently recorded the show for an album called ''Jayne Mansfield Busts Up Las Vegas'', in 1962. With her film career floundering, she still commanded a salary of $8,000-$25,000 per week for her nightclub act. She traveled all over the world with it. In 1967, the year she died, Mansfield's time was split between nightclub performances and the production of her last film, ''Single Room Furnished'', a low-budget production directed by then-husband Matt Cimber.

Recordings

In addition to singing in English and German in a number of films, in 1964, Mansfield released a novelty album called ''Jayne Mansfield: Shakespeare, Tchaikovsky & Me'', on which she recited Shakespeare's sonnets and poems by Marlowe, Browning, Wordsworth, and others against a background of Tchaikovsky's music. The album cover depicted a bouffant-coiffed Mansfield with lips pursed and breasts barely covered by a fur stole, posing between busts of the Russian composer and the Bard of Avon. ''The New York Times'' described the album as the actress reading "30-odd poems in a husky, urban, baby voice". The paper's reviewer went on to state that "Miss Mansfield is a lady with apparent charms, but reading poetry is not one of them."

Jimi Hendrix played bass and lead guitar for Mansfield in 1965 on two songs, "As The Clouds Drift By" and "Suey", released together on two sides. According to Hendrix historian Steven Roby (''Black Gold: The Lost Archives Of Jimi Hendrix'', Billboard Books) this collaboration happened because they shared the same manager.

Mansfield starred in film ''The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw'' and her character sang three songs on the film: "In The valley Of Love", "Strolling Down The Lane With Billy", and "If The San Francisco Hills Could Only Talk". These were only lip-synced by Mansfield. The singing voice was provided by Connie Francis. Of these three, only "In The Valley Of love" was released on record, albeit only in the United Kingdom and Japan.

Television

Though her acting roles were becoming marginalized, in 1964 Mansfield turned down the role of Ginger Grant in ''Gilligan's Island'', claiming that the role, which eventually was given to Tina Louise, epitomized the stereotype she wished to rid herself of.

Mansfield toured with Bob Hope for the USO. She appeared in numerous television programs, including ''The Ed Sullivan Show'' and ''The Jack Benny Program'' (where she played the violin), ''The Steve Allen Show'', ''Down You Go'', ''The Match Game'' (one rare episode exists with her as a team captain), and ''The Jackie Gleason Show'' (in the mid-1960s when the show was the second highest rated in the US). Mansfield's television roles included appearances in ''Burke's Law'' and ''Alfred Hitchcock Presents''.

On returning from New York to Hollywood, she made several television appearances, including several spots as a featured guest star on game shows. In 1962, Mansfield appeared with Brian Keith in ABC's ''Follow the Sun'' dramatic series in an acclaimed episode entitled "The Dumbest Blonde" in which her character "Scottie" is a beautiful blonde who feels insecure in the high society of her older boyfriend, played by Keith. The plot was based on the film of ''Born Yesterday''.

Recognition

In February 1955, Mansfield was the Playmate of the Month in ''Playboy'', in which she subsequently appeared over 30 times. Although Mansfield was reluctant to appear in the play, she received the Theatre World Award of 1956 for her performance in the Broadway production of George Axelrod's comedy ''Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?''. Mansfield won a Golden Globe in 1957 for ''New Star Of The Year – Actress'' Mansfield won a Golden Laurel in 1959 for ''Top Female Musical Performance'' for her role in ''The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw'', a western spoof directed by Raoul Walsh, although the songs were performed by Connie Francis. In 1963, Mansfield was voted one of the Top 10 Box Office Attractions by an organization of American theater owners for her performance in ''Promises! Promises!'', a film banned in areas around the US. Mansfield has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6328 Hollywood Boulevard.

Personal life

Mansfield was married three times, divorced twice, and had five children. Reportedly she also had affairs and sexual encounters with numerous individuals, including Claude Terrail (the owner of the Paris restaurant La Tour d'Argent), Robert F. Kennedy, John F Kennedy, the Brazilian billionaire Jorge Guinle, and Anton LaVey. She had a brief affair with Jan Cremer, a young Dutch writer who dedicated his 1965 autobiographical novel, ''I, Jan Cremer'', to her. Jan Cremer wrote a large part of his book ''I, Jan Cremer - III'' about their relationship. She also had a well-publicized relationship in 1963 with the singer Nelson Sardelli, whom she said she planned to marry once her divorce from Hargitay was finalized. At the time of her death, Mansfield was accompanied by Sam Brody, her married divorce lawyer and lover at the time.

First marriage

She secretly married Paul Mansfield on January 28, 1950, when she was 16 and he was 21. The couple had a public wedding on May 10, 1950 when Jayne was three months pregnant and were divorced on January 8, 1958. Their only child together, a daughter named Jayne Marie Mansfield, was born in November 1950. Two weeks before her mother's death, Jayne Marie, then 16, accused her mother's boyfriend, Sam Brody, of beating her. The girl's statement to officers of the West Los Angeles police department the following morning implicated her mother in encouraging the abuse, and days later, a juvenile-court judge awarded temporary custody of Jayne Marie to a great-uncle, W.W. Pigue.

Second marriage

When seeing Hargitay for the first time at ''The Mae West Show'', at New York City's Latin Quarter nightclub, Jayne told the waiter asking for her order, "I’ll have a steak and that tall man on the left". The man turned out to be Mickey Hargitay, an actor and bodybuilder who had won the Mr. Universe competition in 1955. When Mansfield and her husband toured for stage shows, she showed a fair amount of skin in the leopard-spot bikini she wore for her stage shows.

Mansfield and Hargitay married on January 13, 1958 at the Wayfarers Chapel in Rancho Palos Verdes, California. The unique glass chapel made public and press viewing of the wedding much easier. Jayne herself wore a transparent wedding gown, adding to the occasion's publicity aspect. The couple divorced in Juarez, Mexico in May 1963. After the divorce, Mansfield discovered she was pregnant. Since being an unwed mother would have killed her career, Mansfield and Hargitay announced they were still married.

After the birth of the child, Mansfield sued for the Juarez divorce to be declared legal and won. The divorce was recognized in the United States on August 26, 1964. She had previously filed for divorce on May 4, 1962, but told reporters, "I'm sure we will make it up." Their acrimonious divorce had the actress accusing Hargitay of kidnapping one of her children to force a more favorable financial settlement. During this marriage she had two children – Miklós Jeffrey Palmer Hargitay (born December 21, 1958), Zoltán Anthony Hargitay (born August 1, 1960). A third child Mariska Magdolna Hargitay (born January 23, 1964), an actress best known for her role as Olivia Benson in ''Law & Order: Special Victims Unit'', was born after the actual divorce but before California ruled it valid.

In November 1957 (shortly before her marriage to Hargitay), Mansfield bought a 40-room Mediterranean-style mansion formerly owned by Rudy Vallée at 10100 Sunset Boulevard in Beverly Hills. Mansfield had the house painted pink, with cupids surrounded by pink fluorescent lights, pink furs in the bathrooms, a pink heart-shaped bathtub, and a fountain spurting pink champagne, and then dubbed it the ''Pink Palace''. Hargitay, a plumber and carpenter before getting into bodybuilding, built a pink heart-shaped swimming pool. Mansfield decorated the Pink Palace by writing to furniture and building suppliers requesting free samples. She received over $150,000 worth of free merchandise while paying only $76,000 for the mansion itself (a large sum nonetheless when the average house cost under $7,500 at the time).

Third marriage

Mansfield married Matt Cimber (''alias'' Matteo Ottaviano, né Thomas Vitale Ottaviano) an Italian-born film director on September 24, 1964. The couple separated on July 11, 1965, and filed for divorce on July 20, 1966. Cimber was a director with whom the actress had become involved when he directed her in a widely praised stage production of ''Bus Stop'' in Yonkers, New York, which costarred Hargitay. Cimber took over managing her career during their marriage. With him she had one son, Antonio Raphael Ottaviano (''alias'' Tony Cimber, born October 17, 1965). Work on her last film, ''Single Room Furnished'', was suspended as her marriage to Cimber began to collapse in the wake of Mansfield's alcohol abuse, open infidelities, and her claim to Cimber that she had only ever been happy with her former lover, Nelson Sardelli.

Publicity stunts

Mansfield appeared in about 2,500 newspaper photographs between September 1956 and May 1957, and had about 122,000 lines of newspaper copy written about her during this time. Because of the successful media blitz, Mansfield was a household name. Throughout her career, Mansfield was compared by the media to the reigning sex symbol of the period, Marilyn Monroe. Of this comparison, she said, "I don't know why you people [the press] like to compare me to Marilyn or that girl, what's her name, Kim Novak. Cleavage, of course, helped me a lot to get where I am. I don't know how they got there." Even with her film roles drying up she was widely considered to be Monroe's primary rival in a crowded field of contenders that included Mamie Van Doren (whom Mansfield considered her professional nemesis), Diana Dors, Cleo Moore, Barbara Nichols, Greta Thyssen, Joi Lansing and Sheree North.

In April 1957, her bosom was the feature of a notorious publicity stunt intended to deflect attention from Sophia Loren during a dinner party in the Italian star's honor. Photographs of the encounter were published around the world. The most famous image showed Loren's gaze falling upon the cleavage of the American actress who, sitting between Loren and her dinner companion, Clifton Webb, had leaned over the table, allowing her breasts to spill over her low neckline and exposing one nipple. The image was one of several taken in the same minutes as the image visible left. A similar incident, resulting in the full exposure of both breasts, occurred during a film festival in West Berlin, when Mansfield was wearing a low-cut dress and her second husband, Mickey Hargitay, picked her up so she could bite a bunch of grapes hanging overhead at a party; the movement caused her breasts to erupt out of the dress. The photograph of that episode was a UPI sensation, appearing in newspapers and magazines with the word "censored" hiding the actress's exposed bosom.

The world's media were quick to condemn Mansfield's stunts, and one editorial columnist wrote, "We are amused when Miss Mansfield strains to pull in her stomach to fill out her bikini better. But we get angry when career-seeking women, shady ladies, and certain starlets and actresses ... use every opportunity to display their anatomy unasked." By the late 1950s, Mansfield began to generate a great deal of negative publicity because of her repeated successful attempts to expose her breasts in carefully staged public "accidents".

Mansfield's most celebrated physical attributes would fluctuate in size as a result of her pregnancies and breast feeding five children. Her smallest measurement was 40D (102 cm) (which she was throughout the 1950s), and largest at 46DD (117 cm), when measured by the press in 1967. According to ''Playboy'', her measurement was 40D-21-36 (102-53-91 cm) and her height was 5'6" (1.68 m). According to her autopsy report, she was 5'8" (1.73 m). Her bosom was so much a part of her public persona that talk-show host Jack Paar once welcomed the actress to ''The Tonight Show'' by saying, "Here they are, Jayne Mansfield", a line that was written for Paar by Dick Cavett and became the title of her biography by Raymond Strait.

Death

While in Biloxi, Mississippi, for an engagement at the Gus Stevens Supper Club, Mansfield stayed at the Cabana Courtyard Apartments, which were near the supper club. After a June 28, 1967 evening engagement, Mansfield, Brody, and their driver, Ronnie Harrison, along with the actress's children Miklós, Zoltán, and Mariska, set out in Stevens' 1966 Buick Electra 225 for New Orleans, where Mansfield was to appear in an early morning television interview. Before leaving Biloxi, the party made a stop at the home of Rupert and Edna O'Neal, a family that lived nearby. After a late dinner with the O'Neals, during which the last photographs of Mansfield were taken, the party set out for New Orleans. On June 29 at approximately 2:25 a.m., on U.S. Highway 90, the car crashed into the rear of a tractor-trailer that had slowed because of a truck spraying mosquito fogger. The automobile struck the rear of the trailer and went under it. Riding in the front seat, the adults were killed instantly. The children in the rear survived with minor injuries.

Rumors that Mansfield was decapitated are untrue, though she did suffer severe head trauma. This urban legend was spawned by the appearance in police photographs of a crashed automobile with its top virtually sheared off, and what resembles a blonde-haired head tangled in the car's smashed windshield. It is believed this was either a wig Mansfield was wearing or was her actual hair and scalp. The death certificate stated the immediate cause of Mansfield's death was a "crushed skull with avulsion of cranium and brain." Following her death, the NHTSA began requiring an underride guard, a strong bar made of steel tubing, to be installed on all tractor-trailers. This bar is also known as a Mansfield bar, and on occasions as a DOT bar.

Mansfield's funeral was held on July 3, in Pen Argyl, Pennsylvania. The ceremony was conducted by a Methodist minister, though Mansfield, who long tried to convert to Catholicism, had become interested in Judaism at the end of her life through her relationship with Sam Brody. She is interred in Fairview Cemetery, southeast of Pen Argyl. Her gravestone reads "We Live to Love You More Each Day". A memorial cenotaph, showing an incorrect birth year, was erected in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery, Hollywood, California. The cenotaph was placed by The Jayne Mansfield Fan Club and has the incorrect birth year because Mansfield herself tended to provide incorrect information about her age.

Legacy

Shortly after Mansfield's funeral, Mickey Hargitay sued his former wife's estate for more than $275,000 to support the children, whom he and his third and last wife, Ellen Siano, would raise. Mansfield's youngest child, Tony, was raised by his father, Matt Cimber, whose divorce from the actress was pending when she was killed. In 1968, wrongful-death lawsuits were filed on behalf of Jayne Marie Mansfield and Matt Cimber, the former for $4.8 million and the latter for $2.7 million. The ''Pink Palace'' was sold and its subsequent owners have included Ringo Starr, Cass Elliot, and Engelbert Humperdinck. In 2002, Humperdinck sold it to developers, and the house was demolished in November of that year. Much of her estate is managed by CMG Worldwide, an intellectual property management company.

In 1980, ''The Jayne Mansfield Story'' aired on CBS starring Loni Anderson in the title role and Arnold Schwarzenegger as Mickey Hargitay. It was nominated for three Emmy Awards.

Filmography

! Year	! Movie Title	! Role	! Co-actors	! Director	! Producer	! Notes
	''Female Jungle''	Candy Price	Burt Kaiser, Kathleen Crowley	Bruno VeSota	Burt Kaiser, Kathleen Crowley	Alternative title: ''The Hangover''
1955		Cigarette Girl	Jack Webb, Janet Leigh, Edmond O'Brien, Peggy Lee	Jack Webb	Warner Bros.	Uncredited
1955	''Underwater!''	Girl in Bikini by Pool		John Sturges	RKO	Uncredited
1955		Angel O'Hara	Edward G. Robinson, Nina Foch, Hugh Marlowe		Warner Bros.
1955	''Hell on Frisco Bay''	Mario's dance partner in nightclub	Alan Ladd, Fay Wray	Frank Tuttle	Jaguar Productions	Uncredited
	''The Girl Can't Help It''	Jerri Jordan	Tom Ewell, Edmond O'Brien, Julie London, Ray Anthony	Frank Tashlin	20th Century Fox	Jayne's first starring role; considered a classic.
	''The Burglar''	Gladden	Dan Duryea, Martha Vickers, Peter Capell, Mickey Shaughnessy	Paul Wendkos	Columbia Pictures	Filmed in 1955
1957		Camille Oakes	Joan Collins, Dan Dailey	Victor Vicas	20th Century Fox
1957	''Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?''	Rita Marlowe		Frank Tashlin	20th Century Fox	Alternative title: ''Oh! For a Man!'' (UK); considered a classic.Known as Mansfield's "signature film".
1957		Alice Kratzner	Cary Grant, Leif Erickson, Suzy Parker	Stanley Donen	Sol C. Siegel	Mansfield's last starring role in a mainstream Hollywood studio film.
	''The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw''	Kate	Kenneth More, Henry Hull, Bruce Cabot	Raoul Walsh	20th Century Fox	Not released in the United States until 1959.
		Billy	Anthony Quayle, Carl Möhner, Peter Reynolds	John Gilling	Alexandra	Alternative title: ''It Takes a Thief'' (US); not released in the United States until 1963.
1960		Midnight Franklin	Leo Genn, Karlheinz Böhm, Christopher Lee		Wigmore Productions	Alternative title: ''Playgirl After Dark'' (US); not released in the United States until 1961.
	''The Loves of Hercules''	Queen Dianira/ Hippolyta	Mickey Hargitay, Massimo Serato	Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia	Contact Organisation	Alternative titles ''Gli Amori di Ercole'' (Italy), ''Les Amours d'Hercule'' (France), ''Hercules vs. the Hydra'' (TV title); not released to US movie theaters.
1961		Lisa Lang	Ray Danton, Julie London, Barrie Chase	Joseph M. Newman	Allied Artists Pictures	Alternative title: ''Spin of a Coin'' (UK).
	''It Happened in Athens''	Eleni Costa	Trax Colton, Nico Minardos, Bob Mathias	Andrew Marton	20th Century Fox	Filmed in the fall of 1960; in Greece.
	''Heimweh nach St. Pauli''	Evelyne		Werner Jacobs	Rapid Film	Alternative title: ''Homesick for St. Pauli'' (US); never released in the United States.
1963	''Promises! Promises!''	Sandy Brooks	Marie McDonald, Tommy Noonan, Mickey Hargitay	King Donovan	Tommy Noonan-Donald F. Taylor	Aka: ''Promise Her Anything'' (some releases)
	''L'Amore Primitivo''	Dr. Jane	Franco Franchi, Ciccio Ingrassia, Mickey Hargitay	Luigi Scattini	G.L.M.	Alternative title: ''Primitive Love'' (US); not released in the United States until 1966.
1964		Angela	Maurice Chevalier, Eleanor Parker, Mike Connors	George Sherman, Giuliano Carnimeo	Gordon Films	Alternative title: ''Let's Go Bust'' (US), filmed in 1962; in Italy.
1964	''Einer Frisst den anderen''	Darlene/ Mrs. Smithopolis		Richard E. Cunha, Gustav Gavrin	Dubrava Film	Alternative title: ''Dog Eat Dog!'' (US); not released in the United States until 1966.
	''The Fat Spy''	Junior Wellington	Phyllis Diller, Jack E. Leonard	Joseph Cates	Woolner Brothers
1966	''The Las Vegas Hillbillys''	Tawny	Phyllis Diller, Jack E. Leonard, Brian Donlevy	Arthur Pierson	Woolner Brothers	Alternative title: ''Country Music''.
	''A Guide for the Married Man''	Technical Adviser (Girl with Harold)	Walter Matthau, Inger Stevens	Gene Kelly	20th Century Fox	Cameo appearance.
	''Single Room Furnished''	Johnnie/ Mae/ Eileen	Dorothy Keller, Fabian Dean, Billy M. Greene	Matt Cimber	Empire Film Studios	Posthumous release.

Documentaries

! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
1956	''Reflets de Cannes''	Herself	TV documentary
1957	''Screen Snapshots: The Walter Winchell Party''	Herself	Documentary short
1958	''Screen Snapshots: Salute to Hollywood''	Herself	Documentary short
1962	''Lykke og krone''	Herself	Feature length
1964	''Cinépanorama''	Herself	TV documentary
1967	''Spree''	Herself	Feature length
1967	''Mondo Hollywood''	Herself	Feature length
1968	''The Wild, Wild World of Jayne Mansfield''	Herself (archive footage)	Feature length

Television work

As an actor

''Sunday Spectacular: The Bachelor'', NBC (July 1956)

''Shower of Stars'', Desilu Productions, Season 3, Episode 4 ("Star Time", January 1957)

''Val Parnell's Sunday Night at the London Palladium'', Associated Television, Season 3, Episode 1 (September 1957)

''The Red Skelton Hour'', CBS, Season 9, Episode 2 ("Clem's General Store", October 1959)

''After Hours'', ABC Weekend Television, Season 2, Episode 13 (December 1959)

''Kraft Mystery Theater'', Season 1, Episode 12 ("The House of Rue Riviera", August 1961)

''Follow the Sun'', 20th Century Fox Television, Season 1, Episode 21 ("The Dumbest Blonde", February 1962)

''Monte Carlo'', 20th Century Fox Television (August 1961)

''The Alfred Hitchcock Hour'', Season 1, Episode 12 ("Hangover", December 1962)

''The Red Skelton Hour'', CBS, Season 11, Episode 1 ("Will Success Spoil Clem Kadiddlehopper?", September 1961)

''The Red Skelton Hour'', CBS, Season 12, Episode 21 ("Advice to the Loveworn", February 1963)

''Amos Burke, Secret Agent'', Four Star Television, Season 1, Episode 26 ("Who Killed Molly?", March 1964)

As herself

''The Bob Hope Show'', Hope Enterprise, Season 17, Episode 4 (''A Bob Hope Comedy Special'', December 1966)

''What's My Line?'', CBS, 4 Episodes; dated: 1956, 1957, 1964, 1966

''The Ed Sullivan Show'' (also named ''Toast of the Town''), CBS, Season 10, Episode 35 (May 1957)

''The Ed Sullivan Show'', CBS, Season 10, Episode 46 (August 1957)

''The Jack Benny Program'', J&M; Productions, Season 7, Episode 8 ("Talent Show", December 1956)

''The Jack Benny Program'', J&M; Productions, Season 14, Episode 9 ("Jack Takes Boat to Hawaii", November 1963)

''The Tonight Show'', NBC, ("The Jack Paar Tonight Show", January 1962)

''The Tonight Show'', NBC, (April 1962)

Discography

Albums

''Jayne Mansfield Busts up Las Vegas'' (20th Century Fox, 1962)

''Shakespeare, Tchaikovsky & Me'' (MGM, 1964)

''I Wanna Be Loved By You'' (Golden Options, 2000)

''Dyed Blondes'' (Recall Records, 2002)

''Too Hot to Handle'' (Blue Moon, France, 2003)

Singles

''That Makes It'' (''The Las Vegas Hillbillys'')

''Too Hot to Handle'' (''Too Hot to Handle'')

''Little Things Mean a Lot''

''As The Clouds Drift By'' (with Jimi Hendrix, A-side) ''Suey'' (with Jimi Hendrix, B-side)

''You Were Made for Me''

''Wo Ist Der Mann'' (''Homesick for St. Pauli'')

''Snicksnack-Snucklchen'' (''Homesick for St. Pauli'')

''I'm in love'' (also known as the ''Lullaby of Love''; ''Promises! Promises!'')

''Promise her anything'' (''Promises! Promises!'')

''It's a Living''

Theater performances

''Death of a Salesman'' (1953)

''Bus Stop'' (1965)

''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'' (1966)

''Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?'' (1955–1956)

''Rabbit Habit'' (1965)

Books

''Jayne Mansfield's Wild, Wild World'' (Holloway House; 1963; co-author: Mickey Hargitay)

See also

List of people in Playboy 1953–1959

List of people in Playboy 1960–1969

References

"Jayne Mansfield: Blonde Ambition", a documentary broadcast on the A&E; Network in 2004.

"Dead Famous: Jayne Mansfield", biography.com

Citation

External links

Online biographies

Biographical timeline at Philadelphia Weekly

JM's Biography at the Biography Channel

JM's Biography at Dreamtime

JM's Biography at Find Articles (from St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture)

JM's bio and other facts at Bombshells

Category:1933 births Category:1967 deaths Category:American film actors Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:Road accident deaths in Louisiana Category:New Star of the Year (Actress) Golden Globe winners Category:People from Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania Category:People from Phillipsburg, New Jersey Category:University of Dallas alumni Category:University of Texas at Austin alumni Category:American people of English descent Category:American people of Cornish descent Category:American people of German descent Category:Playboy Playmates (1953–1959)

da:Jayne Mansfield de:Jayne Mansfield es:Jayne Mansfield fa:جین منسفیلد fr:Jayne Mansfield fy:Jane Mansfield ko:제인 맨스필드 hr:Jayne Mansfield io:Jayne Mansfield it:Jayne Mansfield he:ג'יין מנספילד lt:Jayne Mansfield hu:Jayne Mansfield nl:Jayne Mansfield ja:ジェーン・マンスフィールド no:Jayne Mansfield pl:Jayne Mansfield pt:Jayne Mansfield ru:Мэнсфилд, Джейн sh:Jayne Mansfield fi:Jayne Mansfield sv:Jayne Mansfield tr:Jayne Mansfield

Luigi "Gigi" Proietti (born 2 November 1940) is an Italian actor, director, dubber and singer.

Biography

Early life

He was born in Rome to Romano Proietti, a man from Umbria, and Giovanna Ceci, a housewife. During his youth he was keen on singing and on playing guitar, piano, accordion and double bass in several roman night clubs. During the 1960s Proietti started a long and prolific theatrical career.

Movie career

He's a very popular comic actor in Italy, and he's well known for the role of Bruno "Mandrake" Fioretti in Febbre da cavallo (1976), directed by Steno. He also played Michele Bruni in ''Lady Liberty'' (1971), directed by Mario Monicelli, opposite Sophia Loren, Susan Sarandon and Danny DeVito. He took part in some international movies, like ''The Appointment'' (1969), directed by Sidney Lumet, ''A Wedding'' (1978), directed by Robert Altman, and ''Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe?'' (1978), directed by Ted Kotcheff.

Dubbing

Proietti has dubbed several famous actors including Robert De Niro, Sean Connery, Sylvester Stallone, Richard Burton, Richard Harris, Dustin Hoffman, Charlton Heston and Marlon Brando.

Filmography

Actor

1955: ''Il nostro campione'', directed by ''Vittorio Duse''

1966: ''Le piacevoli notti'', directed by ''Armando Crispino'' e ''Luciano Lucignani''

1966: ''La ragazza del bersagliere'', directed by ''Alessandro Blasetti''

1967: ''Lo scatenato'', directed by ''Franco Indovina''

1968: ''Una ragazza piuttosto complicata'', directed by ''Damiano Damiani''

1968: ''The Libertine'', directed by ''Pasquale Festa Campanile''

1969: ''The Appointment'', directed by ''Sidney Lumet''

1970: ''L'urlo'', directed by ''Tinto Brass''

1970: ''Dropout'', directed by ''Tinto Brass''

1970: ''Brancaleone at the Crusades'', directed by ''Mario Monicelli''

1971: ''Lady Liberty'', directed by ''Mario Monicelli''

1971: ''Bubù'', directed by ''Mauro Bolognini''

1972: ''Gli ordini sono ordini'', directed by ''Franco Giraldi''

1973: ''Meo Patacca'', directed by ''Marcello Ciorciolini''

1973: ''La Tosca'', directed by ''Luigi Magni''

1973: ''La proprietà non è più un furto'', directed by ''Elio Petri''

1974: ''Le farò da padre'', directed by ''Alberto Lattuada''

1975: ''Conviene far bene l'amore'', directed by ''Pasquale Festa Campanile''

1976: ''Languidi baci, perfide carezze'', directed by ''Alfredo Angeli''

1976: ''Febbre da cavallo'', directed by ''Steno''

1976: ''Bordella'', directed by ''Pupi Avati''

1976: ''Chi dice donna, dice... donna'', directed by ''Tonino Cervi''

1976: ''The Inheritance'', directed by ''Mauro Bolognini''

1977: ''Casotto'', directed by ''Sergio Citti''

1978: ''A wedding'', directed by ''Robert Altman''

1978: ''Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe?'', directed by ''Ted Kotcheff''

1979: ''Due pezzi di pane'', directed by ''Sergio Citti''

1980: ''Non ti conosco più amore'', directed by ''Sergio Corbucci''

1983: ''"FF.SS." - Cioè: "...che mi hai portato a fare sopra a Posillipo se non mi vuoi più bene?"'', directed by ''Renzo Arbore''

1984: ''Mi faccia causa'', directed by ''Steno''

1993: ''Mille bolle blu'', directed by ''Leone Pompucci'' (voice)

1994: ''Eloise, la figlia di d'Artagnan'' (''La fille de d'Artagnan''), directed by ''Bertrand Tavernier''

1999: ''Panni sporchi'', directed by ''Mario Monicelli''

2002: ''Febbre da cavallo - La mandrakata'', directed by ''Carlo Vanzina''

2004: ''Le barzellette'', directed by ''Carlo Vanzina''

2008: ''Un'estate al mare'', directed by Carlo Vanzina

2009: ''Un'estate ai Caraibi'' directed by Carlo Vanzina

2010: ''La vita è una cosa meravigliosa'' directed by Carlo Vanzina

External links

Category:1940 births Category:Living people Category:People from Rome (city) Category:Italian comedians Category:Italian actors Category:Italian voice actors Category:Italian singers

es:Gigi Proietti it:Gigi Proietti ja:ジジ・プロイエッティ