Isoprene (short for isoterpene), or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is a common organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2. Under standard conditions it is a colorless liquid. However, this compound is highly volatile because of its low boiling point.
Isoprene (C5H8) is the monomer of natural rubber and also a common structure motif to an immense variety of other naturally occurring compounds, collectively termed the isoprenoids. Molecular formula of isoprenoids are multiples of isoprene in the form of (C5H8)n, and this is termed the isoprene rule. The functional isoprene units in biological systems are dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP) and its isomer isopentenyl diphosphate (IDP).
The singular terms “isoprene” and “terpene” are synonymous whereas the plurals “isoprenes” or “terpenes” refer to terpenoids (isoprenoids).
Isoprene is incorporated into and helps stabilize cell membranes in response to heat stress, conferring some tolerance to heat spikes. Isoprene may also confer some resistance to reactive oxygen species. The amount of isoprene released from isoprene-emitting vegetation depends on leaf mass, leaf area, light (particularly photosynthetic photon flux density, or PPFD), and leaf temperature. Thus, during the night, little isoprene is emitted from tree leaves, whereas daytime emissions are expected to be substantial during hot and sunny days, up to 25 μg/(g dry-leaf-weight)/hour in many oak species
Natural rubber is a polymer of isoprene—most often cis-1,4-polyisoprene—with a molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000. Typically, a few percent of other materials, such as proteins, fatty acids, resins, and inorganic materials are found in high-quality natural rubber. Some natural rubber sources called gutta percha are composed of trans-1,4-polyisoprene, a structural isomer that has similar, but not identical, properties.
Category:Dienes Category:Monomers Category:IARC Group 2B carcinogens Category:Hemiterpenes
bg:Изопрен ca:Isoprè cs:Isopren da:Isopren de:Isopren et:Isopreen es:Isopreno eo:Izopreno fa:ایزوپرن fr:Isoprène id:Isoprena it:Isoprene he:איזופרן lv:Izoprēns hu:Izoprén nl:Isopreen ja:イソプレン no:Isopren pl:Izopren pt:Isopreno ro:Izopren ru:Изопрен sr:Izopren fi:Isopreeni sv:Isopren uk:Ізопрен zh:異戊二烯This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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