John Forbes Kerry (born
December 11, 1943) is an
American politician who is the 68th and current
United States Secretary of State. He served as a
United States Senator from
Massachusetts from
1985 to
2013, and was chairman of the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
Kerry was the presidential nominee of the
Democratic Party in the
2004 Presidential Election but lost to incumbent
George W. Bush.
The son of an
Army Air Corps veteran, Kerry was born in
Aurora, Colorado. He attended boarding school in Massachusetts and
New Hampshire and went on to graduate from
Yale University class of 1966, where he majored in political science and became a member of the influential
Skull and Bones secret society. He enlisted in the
Naval Reserve in 1966, and during 1968--1969 served an abbreviated four-month tour of duty in
South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (
OIC) of a
Swift Boat. For that service, he was awarded combat medals that include the
Silver Star,
Bronze Star, and three
Purple Hearts. Securing an early return to the
United States, Kerry joined the
Vietnam Veterans Against the War in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesman and as an outspoken opponent of the
Vietnam War. He appeared before the
Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in
Vietnam to be the cause of "war crimes."
After receiving his
J.D. from
Boston College Law School, Kerry worked as an
Assistant District Attorney and co-founded a private firm. He served as
Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under
Michael Dukakis from
1983 to 1985, where he worked on an early forerunner to the national
Clean Air Act. He won a tight
Democratic primary in
1984 for the
U.S. Senate and was sworn in the following January. On the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he led a series of hearings from
1987 to
1989 which were a precursor to the Iran--Contra affair.
In
2002, Kerry voted to authorize the
President "to use force, if necessary, to disarm
Saddam Hussein", but warned that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war. Kerry based his
2004 presidential campaign on opposition to the
Iraq War. He and his running mate
Senator John Edwards lost the race, finishing 35 electoral votes behind the
Republican ticket headed by
President George W. Bush (just 19 short of the 270 required for election). Subsequently, he established the Keeping
America's Promise PAC.
Kerry became chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in 2009, and in
2011 he was appointed to the
Joint Select Committee on Deficit
Reduction.
Having been nominated by
President Barack Obama to succeed outgoing
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton and then confirmed by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 94--3 on
January 29, 2013, Kerry assumed the office on
February 1, 2013.
After returning to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War (
VVAW). Then numbering about 20,
000,[60] VVAW was considered by some (including the administration of
President Richard Nixon) to be an effective, if controversial, component of the antiwar movement.[61] According to
Nixon Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, "I didn't approve of what he did, but I understood the protesters quite well", and he declined two requests from the
Navy to court martial
Reserve Lieutenant Kerry over his antiwar activity.[62]
On April 22,
1971, Kerry became the first
Vietnam veteran to testify before
Congress about the war, when he appeared before a
Senate committee hearing on proposals relating to ending the war. He was still a member of the
United States Navy Reserve, holding the rank of
Lieutenant Junior Grade. Wearing green fatigues and service ribbons, he spoke for nearly two hours with the Senate Foreign Relations Committee in what has been named the
Fulbright Hearings, after the Chairman of the proceedings, Senator
J. W. Fulbright. Kerry began with a prepared speech, in which he presented the conclusions of the
Winter Soldier Investigation, and then went on to address larger policy issues.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_kerry
- published: 12 May 2013
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