- published: 26 Aug 2013
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Ebola virus disease (EVD) (or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF)) is the name for the human disease which may be caused by any of four of the five known ebola viruses. These four viruses are: Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), and Taï Forest virus (TAFV, formerly and more commonly Côte d'Ivoire Ebolavirus (Ivory Coast Ebolavirus, CIEBOV)). EVD is a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF), and is clinically nearly indistinguishable from Marburg virus disease (MVD).
The genera Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus were originally classified as the species of the now-obsolete Filovirus genus. In March 1998, the Vertebrate Virus Subcommittee proposed in the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) to change the Filovirus genus to the Filoviridae family with two specific genera: Ebola-like viruses and Marburg-like viruses. This proposal was implemented in Washington, D.C., as of April 2001 and in Paris as of July 2002. In 2000 another proposal was made in Washington, D.C., to change the "-like viruses" to "-virus" resulting in today's Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus.
These are tables of the clinically most importantviruses. A vast number of viruses cause infectious diseases, but these are the major ones[citation needed].
Basic structural characteristics, such as genome type, virion shape and replication site, generally share the same features among virus species within the same family. There are currently 21 families of viruses known to cause disease in humans.
There are five double stranded DNA families: three are non enveloped (Adenoviruses, Parvovirus and Polyomavirus) and two are enveloped (Herpesvirus and Poxvirus). All the non enveloped families have icosahedral nucleocapsids.
There is one family of partly double stranded DNA viruses: the Hepadnaviridae. These viruses are enveloped.
There is one family of single stranded DNA viruses that infect humans: the Parvoviridae. These viruses are non enveloped.
There are seven positive single stranded RNA families: three non enveloped (Astrovirus, Calicivirus and Picornavirus) and four enveloped (Coronovirus, Flavivirus, Retrovirus and Togavirus). All the non enveloped families have icosahedral nucleocapsids.
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe disease in humans and in nonhuman primates in the form of viral hemorrhagic fever. EBOV is a select agent, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment), National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogen, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agent, and listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the Australia Group.
Ebola virus (abbreviated EBOV) was first described in 1976. Today, the virus is the single member of the species Zaire ebolavirus, which is included into the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales. The name Ebola virus is derived from the Ebola River (a river that was at first thought to be in close proximity to the area in Zaire where the first recorded Ebola virus disease outbreak occurred) and the taxonomic suffix virus. Ebola virus is pronounced ɛ’bɒlə vɑɪrəs (IPA) or eh-bo-luh v-eye-ruhs in English phonetic notation. According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name Ebola virus is always to be capitalized, but is never italicized, and may be abbreviated (with EBOV being the official abbreviation).
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