First Lines Part III: What Can They Do?

Part I: Half a Dozen of My Recent Stories
Part II: from Some of My Favorite Stories

After giving close reading to a dozen first sentences, half mine and half others, I’m ready to make a list of things that a first line can do (although probably no first line should try to do all of them).

  1. Include a mystery the reader wants to solve by reading the next sentence.
  2. Set a fast reading pace.
  3. Foreshadow the story.
  4. Establish the basics the reader needs to move on with the story.
  5. Create relationships between reader, character and narrator.
  6. Quickly encourage readers who are interested, and discourage those who would rather read something else.
  7. Most importantly, the use of A) diction, B) grammar, C) imagery and D) punctuation in order to establish X) character, Y) setting, and Z) mood.

Or, in abbreviated graphic form:

what a first line can do

What else do you think they do?

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First Lines Part II: from Some of My Favorite Stories

Part I: Half a Dozen of My Recent Stories

Continuing from yesterday’s post, I’m looking at the first lines from some of my favorite stories to see why they work. I picked stories that aren’t very recent, and are either by people I don’t know or by writers I met after reading the story. If I do it again, I may relax that rule, but it seemed like a good way to start out. I only used stories that are online so you can go see how the story progresses if you wish. Again, if this turns out to be interesting to me or other folks, I may do more.

The Evolution of Trickster Stories among the Dogs of North Park after the Change” by Kij Johson

“North Park is a backwater tucked into a loop of the Kaw River: pale dirt and baked grass, aging playground equipment, silver-leafed cottonwoods, underbrush, mosquitoes and gnats blackening the air at dusk.”

Obviously, this sentence is scene setting. Kij makes it beautiful with her specific details: “pale dirt,” “baked grass,” “aging playground equipment,” “silver-leafed cotton-woods,” “mosquitoes,” “gnats.” Almost all of the details evoke slow decay–“backwater,” “baked grass,” “aging.” Insects don’t gather in the air so much as dirty it–“blackening” the dusk. The evoked colors are washed out–pale, baked, silver–we can possibly also include the old metal and rust of the playground equipment. The silver-leafed cottonwoods are the exception here–the color is on the grey/black spectrum, yes, but the tree still sounds beautiful. This is decay, but not hopeless decay.

The sentence also establishes the academic tone. This is the kind of sentence assembled by someone speaking authoritatively about a subject, not describing their sensory impressions of the world. The phrasing is formal and complex, and the use of the colon an even more significant marker.

Like Daughter” by Tananarive Due

“I got the call in the middle of the week, when I came wheezing home from my uphill late-afternoon run.”

There’s definitely a mystery here — what’s the call?

“Wheezing” gives us a sense of the character’s age, perhaps–at least that she is unlikely to be a very young athlete–since she is still wheezing even though her uphill run is regular enough to be referred to as “my late-afternoon run.” She’s athletic, but in a real-person-exercising sort of way.

Other than that, I don’t have much. It’s fine. It’s an appealing sentence, tightly written, and I’m happy to move on with it.

Fourteen Experiments in Postal Delivery” by John Schoffstall

“I got your voice mail.”

Conversational. Establishes a relationship between the reader and the narrator immediately — “I” and “you” (and also suggests the reader isn’t actually the “you” being addressed. Is there a term for that?). The questions it poses are obvious — who is speaking? Who am “I?” What voicemail?

I suppose, given that it’s the story it is, it also sets up the reader for some irony–that this story about the postal mail begins with a voice mail.

Perfectly reasonable first sentence.

Little Faces” by Vonda McIntyre

“The blood woke Yalnis.”

I really like this sentence. Utterly simple, utterly direct. Again, the mystery is obvious–what is the blood? The fact that Yalnis doesn’t know only makes it more urgent. It drives the reader rapidly to the next line.

There’s not a lot to say about it. It’s just good.

In the House of the Seven Librarians” by Ellen Klages

“Once upon a time, the Carnegie Library sat on a wooded bluff on the east side of town: red brick and fieldstone, with turrets and broad windows facing the trees.”

librarians quote pabloAnother setting sentence. We’ve got the titular library, and the reinforcement from this sentence that it is important. Actually, that’s misleading. It’s not a *titular* library–in fact, the library is called a house. Backing up to the title, which the reader has as a cue along with the first sentence, the emphasis is on location. This isn’t the story of the seven librarians, but rather the library–but the library is defined by its relationships. It is the “house” of the librarians; the story is what happens inside it.

So, moving back. Now this sentence is reaffirming what the title suggests–setting is vital here. The story takes place inside; the first sentence tells us about the outside. I suppose, if we want to overextend a metaphor, we could say it’s the cover of the story.

The descriptions are all aligned to evoke the kind of library readers sigh over. “Wooded bluff” “broad windows facing the trees” — a picturesque, beautiful location, which the broad windows suggest is filled with light. Let’s be honest, this is reader fanservice. Personally, I’m good with that.

The Lifecycle of Software Objects” by Ted Chiang

Her name is Ana Alvarado, and she’s having a bad day.

This is a fine sentence. It tells us what we need to know and suggests we get on with things. We have a who (Ana Alvarado) and a what (she’s having a bad day). Next, we’ll get the why. Almost journalistic.

It also sets up a narrator who has a personality separate from that of the characters. It might be another character, or it might just be the narrative perspective from which the story is told, but this sentence creates an immediate distancing effect. The reader is observing, not participating.

From this, I learned a couple things.

  1. It’s a lot easier to do a textual analysis on your own first sentences than other people’s. Although:
  2. It might be easier to do textual analysis on stories I’d read more recently.
  3. I don’t seem to select for first sentences particularly when I’m choosing my favorite stories. These are all good, but only a couple dazzle. That’s not surprising. A good first sentence is a tiny element of a story, nice but unnecessary. I might try tracking really good first sentences, though, if I remember (I won’t).
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I’m Kvelling: My Son’s Band, Starbat, has Released Their First Single on Bandcamp

Check it out and, if you like the song—which I do, a lot, and not just because I played the small synth part at the end—I hope you’ll consider buying it. It’s a pay-what-you-want arrangement.

 

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Open Thread and Link Farm, You Might Be Wrong Edition

  1. Seven Other States Are Considering Restricting Bathrooms For Transgender People | FiveThirtyEight
  2. How One Man Is Hoping To End The U.S. Border Protection Agency’s ‘Culture Of Impunity’ | ThinkProgress
  3. JHow an internet mapping glitch turned a remote farm into a digital hell | Fusion
  4. The Most Interesting Opinion The Supreme Court Handed Down This Year | ThinkProgress
    Actually about Justice Kagen’s dissent in a case about how to count people for districting purposes, which more-or-less invites someone to sue the government for freezing assets before a trial.
  5. Zucker’s “Therapy” Mourned Almost Exclusively By Cis People
    Kenneth Zucker’s clinic being closed down is blamed, again and again, on an unrepresentative handful of trans activists. But virtually every (out) trans person who has spoken about Zucker thinks his treatments were harmful.
  6. The Swedish Number: Sweden is waiting for your call – CNN.com
    “To mark the 250th anniversary of Sweden’s abolition of censorship, the Swedish Tourist Association has launched a phone number connecting global callers with random Swedes.”
  7. Transgender women suffer sexual assaults, harassment in immigrant detention, says HRW report.
  8. Conversations with People Who Aren’t There – R.A. MacAvoy On Writing and Reading
    I find the situation – believing an unusual personal quirk to be a universal trait of humans – really interesting. I often wonder about my own thoughts in this regard.
  9. Periods for Pence Is the Best Response to Indiana’s Restrictive Abortion Law HB 1337
  10. The Perils of Our Split Supreme Court | New Republic
  11. Mississippi’s New Anti-LGBT Bill Claims That Women Can Be Fired For Wearing Pants | ThinkProgress
    It’s like states are competing to see who can pass the most bigoted anti-LGBT laws.
  12. Harvard Law Students, Allow Me to Say Something Controversial: You Might Be Wrong | The Harvard Law Record
    Although the specifics of the controversy are, well, specific, I very much agree with the general approach here. I also admire their decision not to publish videos of students unless the people in the video have consented.
  13. Come hear of the hell a Skyrim player endured for his doggy buddy | GamesRadar+
    This may be the best video-game story I’ve ever read.
  14. Amanda Marcotte: Outlawing abortion requires punishing the woman.
    “That’s because most black market abortions do not involve someone performing the abortion, doctor or otherwise. There are no back alleys or secret clinics. The “abortionist” in the vast majority of these abortions is the woman herself, which she does by swallowing some pills.”
  15. If Tracer’s Pose Was Censorship, Then The Baldur’s Gate Controversy Is, Too – CraveOnline
    GamerGate is hypocritical. Not exactly surprising.
  16. I really enjoyed this short Spider-Man comic, although Tumblr being Tumblr I couldn’t figure out the author.
  17. A set of animated gifs illustrating the relative time it takes each planet to orbit the sun.
  18. A cartoonist’s worldview | The Guardian. A series of one-page comics by fabulous cartoonists like Kate Beaton, Luke Pearson and Tom Gauld. I was especially tickled by Modern Toss’ comic, but most of these are excellent.
  19. Should bikes and cars share the same road — and the same rules? – Vox
  20. Bike share users are mostly rich and white. Here’s why that’s hard to change. – Vox
  21. Ant, Mario Gully, Erik Larsen And A Case Of Crotch-Tongue – Bleeding Cool Comic Book, Movie, TV News
    This public argument between a superhero writer and a superhero artist, about the artist deviating from the script to add a corpse licking the heroine’s crotch, is, I feel certain, more entertaining than the actual comic book they were creating.

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First Lines Part I: Half a Dozen of My Recent Stories

Through every moment of carving

I decided it might be interesting to look at some of the first lines of my stories. I’m grabbing a half-dozen first lines from some of my recent publications. I’m only looking at stories that are online, so if people want to see how the first line relates to the rest of the story, they can.

Tomorrow, I’ll look at a half-dozen from some of my favorite stories.If this proves interesting (to me or readers), I may do more another time.

Love Is Never Still” in Uncanny Magazine

“Through every moment of carving, I want her as one wants a woman.”

I’m happy with this–which is useful because I essentially just finished it (six months ago). The story begins as a retelling of the myth of Galatea, a statue who is wished to life when her sculptor falls in love. For people who are versed in Greek mythology, this should evoke Galatea as a possibility — carving, want, woman.

Voicewise, the formal language establishes the kind of narrative distance that characterizes the rest of the text. It also suggests a story that may not occur in our place and time, as indeed it doesn’t.

I often try to make my first lines like puzzles–they create a set-up, and then add a disjunctive element, so the reader begins with a small mystery they need to solve. In this sentence, the intended mystery is between “carving” and “woman.” They aren’t the same, but are being treated the same–why? (And for readers of Greek myths, the further question, “Is this a retelling of Galatea?”)

Tea Time” in Lightspeed Magazine

“Begin at the beginning:”

I’m happy with this one, too. “Tea Time” is a retelling of Alice in Wonderland, so beginning with a quote from Carroll seemed the right thing to do. Luckily, Carroll left this wonderful piece of low-hanging fruit.

Having “begin at the beginning” set apart as a phrase gives some signals, too. First, it suggests fairy tale language (once upon a time), although that’s not the only possibility for what it could be doing. Also, it suggests something unusual is going on between the narration and the text. It’s set aside; it has a colon after it which separates it from what follows. It sets the reader on notice to look for something which will explain it, whether that’s metafiction (which it is), or perhaps an interview format or dialogue (which it isn’t).

To the extent there’s a puzzle here, it seems to come from the question of how the phrase will relate to the story. Why a sentence fragment? Why is it set apart? Why does it need to be explicit that it begins at the beginning, when that’s usually the implicit case? It’s not a big mystery, but it’s there.

Grand Jete” in Subterranean Magazine

“As dawn approached, the snow outside Mara’s window slowed, spiky white stars melting into streaks on the pane.”

Where most first lines work to move you quickly into the story, this one deliberately slows the reader down. The sentence is heavy with adjectives and phrases. It actually evokes the word “slowed” before adding a comma and slowing the reader further.

The story is about a young girl, slowly dying, in winter. The emotions in the story are often muted, and there’s a lot of drama, but it plays out over a long clock. It’s about those long moments that compose a tragedy, the ones that aren’t exciting, but you can’t avoid inhabiting. Grief is like that for me–a little plot, and a lot of aching, endless moments.

It also gets across that the story will be heavily influenced by nature–the snow. And a slow and desolate mood–snow, and even the snow is melting. Something hard and spiky and distinct is becoming only a streak. I’m not expecting readers to get any of that, but it’s the sort of thing that prepares me as I’m writing a story.

I don’t think this sentence has any mystery in it. It’s establishing imagery, mood, and pace, and while it isn’t splashy as a first line, I think it serves the story.

Abomination Rises on Filthy Wings” in Apex Magazine

“My cock is throbbing so I pull it out.”

I was going to omit the sexual ones from this entry, but I decided to pull this one in because I think I messed it up.

On the one hand, it’s short, urgent, and attention-grabbing. In terms of moving the reader rapidly to the next sentence, it’s likely to work. (If they are the kind of reader who isn’t put off by “cock” being in the first sentence. If they are that kind of reader, they’re likely to stop, and that’s good, because they probably wouldn’t enjoy the story. Establishing what kind of story you’re writing early on isn’t only good for you and the people who’ll like it, but good for the ones who want to get that hot potato out of their hands as quickly as possible, too.)

It also suits the story pretty well since the story is partially about the sexual aspect of this man’s hatred of his wife. The sentence and phrasing is off-putting and abrasively short, which goes with the point.

On the other hand, not long after I put this out, Haikosoru editor Nick Mamatas complained about the prevalence in horror stories of stories that begin describing male masturbation in negative terms. I think he’s right–I rarely see stories start with female masturbation, or with positive male masturbation. So, while I think this suited the story reasonably well, I would do something else if I were starting the project now. Masturbation is a good and useful thing; there’s no reason to associate it with jerks (pun actually not initially intended). I vaguely intend to write something in the future which would start with a positive depiction of male masturbation and/or female masturbation, but I have a lot of ideas while time insists on continuing to pass, so.

What Lies at the Edge of a Petal Is Love” in The Dark Magazine

After the wedding, Ruth moved into the Victorian mansion on Jack’s vast, rural estate.

Although the story wasn’t published that long ago, I actually wrote it quite a bit before that. The line is okay, but not great.

First, looking back at the story, I can’t tell why Ruth is the main actor in this sentence. (Really, I have no idea why I made that choice.) Jack is the main character and it’s happening from his perspective. Why isn’t it “Jack took her to live in the Victorian mansion…?” That would be a better reflection of the point of view, and it would go with the character dynamics, since Jack is very excited to introduce Ruth to his life, and she in turn is content to follow.

It does give us setting details that are useful for the story. Victorian prepares the reader for an old-fashioned feel, while also making it clear the characters aren’t actually in the Victorian era. “Vast” and “rural” create an impression congenial to the isolation established later in the story. “Rural” also suggests a hint of the plant imagery that is important later.

There’s not really any mystery in the sentence. It just sets up the thing that happened at the beginning of the story — she moved to this place — and prepares to efficiently move on. That’s workable, but not particularly inspiring.

The Girl Who Waited (for the Doctor to Get to His Point)” from Queers Dig Time Lords, reprinted on io9

It will surprise no one who has given the matter any deep consideration that, given the existence of an extremely powerful being who is documented to engage in time travel and have a predilection for messing about with human history, it follows that there would be many individuals – even possibly contemporary ones -who have had experience with the aforesaid entity.

This is a comic piece of non-fiction about the adventures I’ve had with the Guidance Counselor, a figure similar to but distinct from the BBC’s Doctor.

The labored language is meant to establish my character (cynical, academic) and the style of humor (wordy, dry). I think it’s a funny line, and it goes well with the story. It’s how the character (me) would start it.

However, it’s long and a slog to read. While the elaborate language might work later when the character is a bit more established, it’s a lot to deal with all at once in the beginning. The joke is buried.

It works a bit better in its original context, a compilation of essays about Doctor Who, where the reader is primed. They know there’s something about The Doctor in there; they just have to find it. For them, hopefully, the long paragraph works as a mystery–how does this relate to the doctor?–which leads them through the joke, and on from there. (Or not on from there if they are, e.g., annoyed by authorial insertion.) Without that, though, there’s no real guide for the reader about what to expect, or how to parse the joke, or why this is being written at all.

If I were rewriting the piece, I would add another sentence or paragraph ahead of this. A teasery sort of sentence/paragraph, I think–which I could then pull back from into the abstract voice.

Some sentences from some of my favorite stories tomorrow, and thoughts and conclusions after that.

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Skeptical birds.

I love that I can google image search for the term “skeptical birds” and get skeptical birds.

From this, I have learned that owls are the most skeptical of birds.

skepticalbird2

(photograph from Reddit)

I only included one, but there are many skeptical owl pictures.

skepticalbird3

(image from Travel News in Namibia)

Vultures can also be skeptical, to no one’s surprise.

skepticalbird1

(Image from hewhowalkswithtigers at deviant.art–
lots of beautiful bird pictures there worth checking out.)

Cute birds get in on it as well.

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Swimming on Neptune, in Rome

If I had one wish that could only be something transient and tiny, it might be to swim in the Hearst Castle pools.

488px-Neptune_pool wikipedia

The Neptune pool, outdoors

(image from wikipedia)

roman-pool hearstcastle.org

The Roman pool, indoors

(image from hearstcastle.org)

Okay, it wouldn’t actually be that, but it would be amazing to be in that water.

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3D Printed Fashion

kinematic petal dress

I linked to this from my twitter account awhile ago, but it’s really cool.

The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (MFA) commissioned Nervous System to create a new dress for the exhibition #techstyle which runs from March 6 through July 10, 2016. The exhibition explores the synergy between fashion and technology and how it is not only changing the way designers design, but also the way people interact with their clothing.

Inspired by petals, feathers and scales, we developed a new textile language for Kinematics where the interconnected elements are articulated as imbricating shells. Like our previous garments, this dress can be customized to the wearer’s body through a 3d scan, and additionally, each element is now individually customizable: varying in direction, length, and shape.

Thinking about it as a science fiction writer, it’s another step on the road toward awesome things that will, nevertheless, not be as awesome as they are in Star Trek (because replicators aren’t really viable, damn it). Still, ordering a custom 3D printed dress? That’s pretty Star Trekkie shopping.

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Sometimes it’s time for nonsense.

Jabberwocky

by Lewis Carroll

 

’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
      Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:
All mimsy were the borogoves,
      And the mome raths outgrabe.
“Beware the Jabberwock, my son!
      The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!
Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun
      The frumious Bandersnatch!”
He took his vorpal sword in hand;
      Long time the manxome foe he sought—
So rested he by the Tumtum tree
      And stood awhile in thought.
And, as in uffish thought he stood,
      The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame,
Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,
      And burbled as it came!
One, two! One, two! And through and through
      The vorpal blade went snicker-snack!
He left it dead, and with its head
      He went galumphing back.
“And hast thou slain the Jabberwock?
      Come to my arms, my beamish boy!
O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!”
      He chortled in his joy.
’Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
      Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:
All mimsy were the borogoves,
      And the mome raths outgrabe.
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For My Son, A Kind of Prayer Is Out! And Other Publication Announcements

April 2016 has definitly not been cruel to me. I have three publication announcements I’d like to share with you.

Announcement One: For My Son, A Kind of Prayer

Picture1I am very happy to announce that my new chapbook For My Son, A Kind of Prayer is now out from Ghostbird Press. (They’re updating their website, so my book does not yet have its own page; but if you scroll down a bit from the top, it’s there.) The book is quite reasonably priced at $10. If you’re local–meaning in Queens or at Nassau Community College–you can get a copy from me. Otherwise, I hope you will support Ghostbird and buy from them. Peter Vanderberg, the publisher, and his brother Paul Vanderberg, who is an artist, combine their talents to weave words and visual art together into beautifully made chapbooks. In For My Son, A Kind of Prayer, Paul’s art–the cover image is his–helps shape the rhythm of the book, adding to the work’s resonance in a way that even the most careful ordering of the poems could not have achieved.

Here’s a sample poem:

My Son’s Theology

Shahob asks if I believe in God.
I tell him no; he doesn’t ask me why.
Instead, he tells me God is a dust-speck
floating on the wind, watching
and waving, though we can’t see Him.

And God created nothing, Shahob says,
except Himself, but He’s not lonely,
and He’s not sad, so we laugh, picturing God
lounging poolside at some Hollywood
superstar’s house. We don’t discuss God’s gender.

Cool drink in hand—when I ask,
it’s orange juice of course—God’s wearing
precisely the gun-metal-blue sunglasses
Shahob convinced us just last week
to buy him for the beach. He puts them on now—

they’re right next to his bed—
leans back against the wall and waves.
“And if you do notice God is there,”
he says, sitting up straight,
raising his eyebrows and smiling,

“don’t be afraid to say hello,
or give Him a high-five.” Then my son
lifts God’s beverage in the generous welcome
he imagines divinity is and grins,
“Just make sure He raises His hand first.”

The official launch for the book will be sometime in June, and I am excited to be sharing the spotlight at that event with two other Ghostbird authors, Kimiko Hahn and Roger Sedarat. In addition to For My Son, A Kind of Prayer, Ghostbird has just released Hahn’s Resplendent Slug and Sedarat’s Eco-Logic of the Word Lamb. I hope you’ll check those books out as well.

Meanwhile, I’ll be doing some readings to promote For My Son, A Kind of Prayer. Click on the links for full details, but here are the dates:

  1. April 24th: The Phoenix Reading Series in Manhattan
  2. May 12th: Boundless Tales at the Astoria Bookshop
  3. June 4th: Brownstone Poets at the Park Plaza Restaurant in Brooklyn
  4. June 19th: a Father’s Day reading at the Sunday Salon series in Manhattan

If you’re able to come, please make sure to say hello.

Announcement Two: Veils, Halos & Shackles

vhsI am also very excited to tell you that Veils, Halos and Shackles: International Poetry on the Oppression and Empowerment of Women, which includes my poem “For My Son, A Kind of Prayer,” is out from Kasva Press. This first-of-its-kind anthology assembles 249 poems from poets in more than two dozen countries who have chosen to raise their voices against violence against women and in support of the women who are victims and survivors of that violence. Compelled by the December 2012 rape and murder of Jyoti Singh Pandey in Delhi, and by the public activisim for women’s safety that followed, editors Charles A. Fishman and Smita Sahay spent three years combing through more than a thousand poems to compile this volume. They received poems in English, of course, but also in languages as far flung as Sindhi and Irish, a breadth and depth of response that, in their own words, “suprised and encouraged [us]” but also hurt when they realized “how deeply needed this book was.” My own poem is too long to offer you as a sample, so I will offer instead this poem by Susan Kelly De-Witt:

Sati, 1987

for Roop Kanwar, in memory

On September 4, 1987… a young girl of 18 in the village of Deorala in Rajasthan was murdered. She was burnt alive on the funeral pyre of her husband. Yet, according to local tradition, Roop Kanwar had become a ‘sati’ and had ‘voluntarily’ immolated herself … . Two decades later, the problem has not disappeared.
— the Hindu, September 23, 2007

1.

They said a hundred hand-sewn butterflies
ignited the gauze filaments
of your veil, that

once, when you fell off
the pyre with plainly scorched
feet, they hurried to lift you

back, onto the fire: Sati
Mata ki jai! Glory
to the Sati Mother!
They said you were struck by
the beauty of the gesture: Your body a lotus
of flame, your soul rising like incense

from its burning stem.

2.

What do I know,
sitting here, continents away,
weeping?

Weeping for whom?

3.

They said you cradled
your dead husband’s head
in your lap as you burned,

a Kali
with one skull —

his.

I hope you will consider buying a copy of Veils, Halos and Shackles, if not for yourself then for someone who should have it. Poetry has an important role to play in the fight to end gender-based violence. It may play that role more intimately and more slowly than other, more obviously visible forms of activism, but the possibilities of healing and transformation that poetry holds out are no less real. In the coming months, I will be participating in several launch readings for this book. Again, click on the links for full details:

  1. April 17th: The Long Island Writers House in Huntington, New York
  2. April 28th: The Cornelia Street Café
  3. June 5th: The Nassau County Baha’i Center

If you’re able to come, please make sure to say hello.

Announcement Three: Farid al-Din Attar’s “Tale of Marhuma”

This is not, strictly speaking, a publication announcement, at least not yet, but I am very happy to tell you that my translation of what is commonly known as Farid al-Din Attar’s “Tale of Marhuma,” the first story in his Elahi Nameh, or Book of God, has been accepted for publication by Modern Language Studies (MLS), a publication of the Northeast Modern Language Association.

I’ve blogged a bit about my reading of, among other things, some of the sexual politics in The Conference of the Birds, the work for which Attar is best known in the west (See here, here, here, here, here, and here). The introductory essay that will appear with my translation in MLS continues some of that thinking. Unfortunately, I had to put my Attar project aside some time ago. Perhaps this publication will spark some new interest, both in me and in a potential publisher. Attar’s Book of God, I have become convinced, deserves as much attention in the west as Conference of the Birds has gotten. This poem, still in early-draft form, is one of the stories from Book of God that I find absolutely fascinating:

Do The Latter

When Abolqasem Hamadani
left Hamadan on a sudden journey,
he came upon a crowd of people
gathered outside an idol’s temple.
On a fire, an oil-filled cauldron
bubbled like a windswept ocean.
Some minutes passed and then a Christian
entered and bowed before the idol.
When he stood, they asked him this: “Humble
servant, what are you to God?”
“A slave,” he answered. They responded,
“Then quickly make your offering.”
He did and left, like smoke rising.
Another person did the same,
then another, and ten more came,
and each was similarly dismissed.
At last, a man who could’ve passed
for dead, shriveled and weak, pale,
emaciated, lean, feeble—
he was a walking shadow. They asked,
“And what are you? A man, a corpse,
or both?” He said, “I am a piece
of skin. I love my God.” At this
they told him, “Sit down.” He did, at ease
on the golden throne they showed him. Then,
they carried over the boiling cauldron
and poured the oil onto his head.
The man’s skin melted from the heat;
his skull landed at his feet.
When it had been removed, they set
the rest of him ablaze. “These ashes,”
they said, “cure every pain there is.”

The shaikh observed this from a distance,
and when they finished ran at once
to ponder what he’d seen. “You fool,”
he said to himself, “that Christian, full
with false love, gave his life to it.
If you’re truly an initiate,
for love of your God do the same.
Otherwise, go make your home
with catamites. If you are sure
of your love for God, then choose: abjure
your life or forsake your faith. The former
you have not done; so do the latter.”

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