- published: 20 Apr 2016
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An atmosphere (New Latin atmosphaera, created in the 17th century from Greek ἀτμός [atmos] "vapor" and σφαῖρα [sphaira] "sphere") is a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass, and that is held in place by the gravity of the body. An atmosphere may be retained for a longer duration, if the gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low. Some planets consist mainly of various gases, but only their outer layer is their atmosphere.
The term stellar atmosphere describes the outer region of a star, and typically includes the portion starting from the opaque photosphere outwards. Relatively low-temperature stars may form compound molecules in their outer atmosphere. Earth's atmosphere, which contains oxygen used by most organisms for respiration and carbon dioxide used by plants, algae and cyanobacteria for photosynthesis, also protects living organisms from genetic damage by solar ultraviolet radiation. Its current composition is the product of billions of years of biochemical modification of the paleoatmosphere by living organisms.
Salma Valgarma Hayek Jiménez de Pinault (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsalma ˈxaʝek]; born September 2, 1966) is a Mexican and American film actress, director and producer. She received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for her role as Frida Kahlo in the film Frida.
Hayek was born in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico, the daughter of Diana Jiménez Medina, an opera singer and talent scout, and Sami Hayek Dominguez, an oil company executive who once ran for mayor of Coatzacoalcos. Hayek's father is of Lebanese ancestry, while her mother's ancestry is Spanish. Her first given name, Salma, is Arabic for "safe". Raised in a wealthy, devoutly Roman Catholic family, she was sent to the Academy of the Sacred Heart in Grand Coteau, Louisiana, at the age of twelve. While there, she was diagnosed with dyslexia. She attended college in Mexico City, where she studied International Relations at the Universidad Iberoamericana.
At the age of 23, Hayek landed the title role in Teresa (1989), a successful Mexican telenovela that made her a star in Mexico. In 1994, Hayek starred in the film El Callejón de los Milagros (Miracle Alley), which has won more awards than any other movie in the history of Mexican cinema.[citation needed] For her performance, Hayek was nominated for an Ariel Award.
Kanye Omari West ( /ˈkɑːnjeɪ/; born June 8, 1977) is an American musician, film director and fashion designer. West first rose to fame as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, where he eventually achieved recognition for his work on Jay-Z's album The Blueprint, as well as hit singles for musical artists including Alicia Keys, Ludacris, and Janet Jackson. His style of production originally used pitched-up vocal samples from soul songs incorporated with his own drums and instruments. However, subsequent productions saw him broadening his musical palette and expressing influences encompassing '70s R&B, baroque pop, trip hop, arena rock, folk, alternative, electronica, synthpop, and classical music.
West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004, his second album Late Registration in 2005, his third album Graduation in 2007, his fourth album 808s & Heartbreak in 2008, and his fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy in 2010. West released a collaborative album, Watch the Throne with Jay-Z in 2011, which is the duo's first collaborative album. His five solo albums, all of which have gone platinum, have received numerous awards and critical acclaim. As of 2012, West has won a total of eighteen Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all-time. All albums have been very commercially successful, with My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy becoming his fourth consecutive No. 1 album in the U.S. upon release. West has had 5 songs exceed 3 million in digital sales as of July 2011, with "Gold Digger" selling 3,086,000, "Stronger" selling 4,402,000, "Heartless" selling 3,742,000, "E.T." selling over 4,000,000 and "Love Lockdown" selling over 3,000,000 placing him third in overall digital sales of the past decade. He has sold over 30 million digital songs in the United States making him one of the best-selling digital artists of all-time.
Actors: Eva Choina (producer), Al Sapienza (producer), Joanna Pacula (actress), BJ Davis (producer), Phyllis Diller (actress), BJ Davis (producer), Tim Thomerson (actor), Charles Durning (actor), Robert Loggia (actor), Raquel Welch (actress), Burt Reynolds (actor), Richard Grieco (actor), Wayne Crawford (actor), Julia Davis (writer), John D. Schofield (producer),
Genres: Comedy, Drama,Actors: Studs Terkel (actor), Tony Mockus Jr. (actor), Michael A. Shepperd (actor), Nicole Danielle (actress), Nicole Danielle (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (producer), Frank L. Wiltse (writer), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (director), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Jerry Giordano (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), Victor Arnopolin (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), John O'Neill (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Short,Actors: Studs Terkel (actor), Tony Mockus Jr. (actor), Michael A. Shepperd (actor), Nicole Danielle (actress), Nicole Danielle (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (producer), Frank L. Wiltse (writer), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (director), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Jerry Giordano (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), Victor Arnopolin (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), John O'Neill (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Short,Actors: Studs Terkel (actor), Tony Mockus Jr. (actor), Michael A. Shepperd (actor), Nicole Danielle (actress), Nicole Danielle (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (producer), Frank L. Wiltse (writer), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (director), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Jerry Giordano (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), Victor Arnopolin (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), John O'Neill (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Short,Actors: Studs Terkel (actor), Tony Mockus Jr. (actor), Michael A. Shepperd (actor), Nicole Danielle (actress), Nicole Danielle (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (producer), Frank L. Wiltse (writer), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (director), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Jerry Giordano (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), Victor Arnopolin (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), John O'Neill (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Short,Actors: Studs Terkel (actor), Tony Mockus Jr. (actor), Michael A. Shepperd (actor), Nicole Danielle (actress), Nicole Danielle (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (producer), Frank L. Wiltse (writer), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (director), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Jerry Giordano (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), Victor Arnopolin (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), John O'Neill (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Short,Actors: Studs Terkel (actor), Tony Mockus Jr. (actor), Michael A. Shepperd (actor), Nicole Danielle (actress), Nicole Danielle (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (producer), Frank L. Wiltse (writer), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (director), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Jerry Giordano (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), Victor Arnopolin (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), John O'Neill (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Short,Actors: Studs Terkel (actor), Tony Mockus Jr. (actor), Michael A. Shepperd (actor), Nicole Danielle (actress), Nicole Danielle (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (producer), Frank L. Wiltse (writer), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (director), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Jerry Giordano (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), Victor Arnopolin (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), John O'Neill (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Short,Actors: Studs Terkel (actor), Tony Mockus Jr. (actor), Michael A. Shepperd (actor), Nicole Danielle (actress), Nicole Danielle (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (producer), Frank L. Wiltse (writer), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (director), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Jerry Giordano (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), Victor Arnopolin (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), John O'Neill (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Short,Actors: Studs Terkel (actor), Tony Mockus Jr. (actor), Michael A. Shepperd (actor), Nicole Danielle (actress), Nicole Danielle (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (producer), Frank L. Wiltse (writer), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Frank L. Wiltse (director), Lisa Mazzetti (actress), Jerry Giordano (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), Victor Arnopolin (actor), Jerry Bradley (actor), John O'Neill (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Short,