The Huge slave trade of Eastern European Slavs in the Ottoman Empire, Muslim Spain and Middle East by Jews and Muslims. http://evoandproud.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-other-slave-trade.html The numbers were huge. At the height of that trade, over 10,000 Eastern Europeans were enslaved each year between 1500 and 1650 for export to North Africa, the Middle East, and Ottoman Empire … a total of 1.5 million. By comparison, the Americas received fewer than 300,000 African slaves before 1600 and another 1.5 million between 1600 and 1700 (Fisher, 1972; Kolodziejczyk, 2006). Western Europeans were likewise enslaved and taken abroad, mainly to North Africa. How many? More than 1 million between 1530 and 1780 (Davis, 2004). Blond, tall, with honey-colored eyes: Jewish ownership of slaves in the Ottoman Empire http://www.artsrn.ualberta.ca/amcdouga/Hist349/resources/jewish%20slave%20owning.pdf Hundreds of Hebrew written sources, dozens of official decrees, judicial records (sijillat), and reports of European travelers indicate that slaveholding particularly of females of Slavic origin - in Jewish households in the urban centers of the Ottoman Empire was widespread from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. The presence of slaves in Jewish households effected family life in many ways. The first is cohabitation of Jewish men with female slaves, usually non-Jewish, who in effect served as their concubines and bore them legitimate children; the second is marriage with manumitted slaves who converted to Judaism and became an integral part of the community. Jewish slave trade and castration of the Slavs in the Middle Ages http://survincity.com/2010/11/the-slave-trade-and-neutering-of-slavs-in-the/ In 1996, the Moscow publishing house, published work of famous Swiss Orientalist Adam Metz "Muslim Renaissance". In this book, only a few pages are quite remarkable information about the history of the slave trade in medieval Europe. It turns out, there was a slave and who would have thought that doing it, mostly representatives of the "persecuted and the long-suffering people "! In Europe, the slave trade was almost entirely Jewish. Goods come mainly from East Slavic lands. Bishop Agobard of Lyon (IX century AD.) mentions in his book (De insolentia Iudaeorum), number of cases where Jews kidnapped Christian Franks children, or even received from Christian children for sale and sold them to the Spanish Muslims. Trafficking in slaves is connected, apparently, the resettlement of Jews in the city of Magdeburg. In the X century, Prague was the center of the slave trade. St. Adalbert resigned from in 989 bishop of Prague because was not able to buy all the Christians purchased by a Jewish merchant [Caro, Wirtschaftsgeschichte, I, str.191]. Jewish merchants brought Slavic slaves in Muslim countries. Women and girls were intended concubines in harems, and a young man, after castration, to the eunuchs. According to the laws of Islam and Muslims is forbidden castration provided this work to Jewish doctors. Jewish Merchants Records of long-distance Jewish slave merchants date at least as far back as 492. By the turn of the 6th to the 7th century, Jews had become the chief slave traders in Italy, and were active in Gaelic territories. By the 9th and 10th centuries, Jewish merchants, sometimes called Radhanites, were a major force in the slave trade continent-wide. Jews were one of the few groups who could move and trade between the Christian and Islamic worlds. Ibn Khordadbeh observed and recorded routes of Jewish merchants in his Book of Roads and Kingdoms from the South of France to Spain, carrying (amongst other things) female slaves, eunuch slaves, and young slave boys. He also notes Jews purchasing Slavic slaves in Prague. Letters of Agobard, archbishop of Lyons (816-840), acts of the emperor Louis the Pious, and the seventy-fifth canon of the Council of Meaux of 845 confirms the existence of a route used by Jewish traders with Slavic slaves to Spain North Africa and Middle East. Jewish merchants bought slaves at the Elbe. Many would be castrated and sold as eunuchs as well. Jews would later become highly influential in the European slave trade, reaching their apex from the 16th to 19th centuries. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_medieval_Europe#Jewish_Merchants Iberia Muslim Spain imported an enormous number of slaves, as well as serving as a staging point for Muslim and Jewish merchants to market slaves to the rest of the Islamic world. During the reign of Abd-ar-Rahman III (912-961), there were at first 3,750, then 6,087, and finally 13,750 Saqaliba, or Slavic slaves, at Córdoba, capital of the Umayyad Caliphate. Ibn Hawqal, Ibrahim al-Qarawi, and Bishop Liutprand of Cremona note that the Jewish Merchants of Verdun specialized in castrating slaves, to be sold as eunuch saqaliba, which were enormously popular in Muslim Spain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_medieval_Europe#Iberia

• published: 08 Feb 2016
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