Lithuanian Railways (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Geležinkeliai) is the national, state-owned railway company of Lithuania. It operates all the railway lines in the country.

Lithuanian Railways' main network consists of 1749 km of 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 ⁵⁄₆ in) broad gauge railway of which 122 km are electrified. They also operate 22 km of standard gauge lines. A 179 km 750 mm (2 ft 5 ¹⁄₂ in) narrow gauge network, listed as an object of cultural heritage, was split into a separate company Aukštaitijos Siaurasis Geležinkelis in 2001. 68 km of narrow gauge, serving five stations, are regularly used, employing 12 locomotives.

In 2006 Lithuanian Railways transported 6.2 million passengers and 50 million tonnes of freight. Oil is the main freight item carried.

In 1851, the government of Russia made the decision to build the Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railway. The line included a stretch from Daugavpils–Vilnius–Kaunas–Virbalis which was started in 1858 and finished in 1860. When the German army occupied Lithuania in 1915, the railway became the main supplier of food staff and ammunition for the German army. In 1918 Lithuanian independence was restored, and in 1919 the Lithuanian government concluded an agreement with Germany on the hand over of the railway assets to the Ministry of Transport.