Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (previously Ferrovie dello Stato, FS) is a government-owned holding that manages infrastructure and services on the Italian rail network. The subsidiary Trenitalia is the main rail operator in Italy.

Ferrovie dello Stato subsidiaries are:

Ferrovie dello Stato (National Railway) were instituted by an act on 22 April 1905, taking control over the majority of the national railways, private until then. The president was nominated by the government.

With the rise of the fascism a centralization policy was carried out. The board of directors and chief administrator office were abolished at the end of 1922. The institution was administered by a commissioner appointed by the King until April 1924. Since then, Ferrovie dello Stato was managed by the newly born Ministry of Communications (including rail transport), under Costanzo Ciano. After the armistice, on 8 September 1943, Italy was divided and train operations were separately directed too, with headquarters in Salerno for the south and Verona for the north.