A directive is a legislative act of the European Union, which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achieving that result. It can be distinguished from regulations which are self-executing and do not require any implementing measures. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on their subject matter.

The legal basis for the enactment of directives is Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (formerly Article 249 TEC).

To exercise the Union's competences, the institutions shall adopt regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations and opinions.

A regulation shall have general application. It shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.

A directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods.

Daniel John Hannan (born 1 September 1971) is a British journalist, author and politician who is a Member of the European Parliament, representing South East England for the Conservative Party. He is also the Secretary-General of the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR). An advocate of localism and a Eurosceptic, Hannan earned worldwide fame for a speech in the European Parliament criticising Gordon Brown.

After stints as a speech-writer for Michael Howard and William Hague, Hannan was elected to the European Parliament at the 1999 election. He led the campaign to withdraw the Conservative Party from the EPP–ED, and was expelled from the group in 2008. Hannan joined the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) with his Conservative colleagues when it was formed in 2009 and became Secretary-General of its sister Europarty, the AECR. He currently serves on the Committee on Constitutional Affairs and the delegation to the ACP–EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly. He is also President of the Young Britons' Foundation.

Paul Blackford is a Detroit-influenced electro artist, best known for fast bass driven electro. He uses keyboard synthesizers and computer software to create musical pieces. He currently resides in Surrey, West London, UK (United Kingdom).

Heavily inspired by early rave and Detroit Electro, his first release on Breakin’ records in 2003 was described as a pioneering UK take on the Detroit Techno Bass sound. Since then, Blackford has released tracks on labels such as WIDE, Deadlock Records and Twilight 76. In 2007 Blackford set up Bass Gun Records with Smashback as an output for their own material as well as putting out fast bass-driven Electro from other artists. With support from DJ’s such as Dave Clarke, DJ Stingray, DJ Godfather, EDMX, Keith Tenniswood, and many more, Paul Blackford continues to release new material and remix for other artists.

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