- published: 31 Mar 2016
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In telecommunications and reliability theory, the term availability has the following meanings:
For example, a unit that is capable of being used 100 hours per week (168 hours) would have an availability of 100/168. However, typical availability values are specified in decimal (such as 0.9998). In high availability applications, a metric known as nines, corresponding to the number of nines following the decimal point, is used. In this system, "five nines" equals 0.99999 (or 99.999%) availability.
Availability of a system is typically measured as a factor of its reliability - as reliability increases, so does availability. However, no system can guarantee 100.000% reliability; and as such, no system can assure 100.000% availability. Further, reliability engineering and maintainability involve processes designed to optimize availability under a set of constraints, such as time and cost-effectiveness. Availability is the goal of most system users, and reliability engineering and maintainability provide the means to assure that availability performance requirements are achieved.
Marco Polo (i/ˈmɑrkoʊ ˈpoʊloʊ/; Italian pronunciation: [ˈmarko ˈpɔːlo]; c. 1254 – January 9, 1324) was a Venetian merchant traveler from the Venetian Republic whose travels are recorded in Il Milione, a book which did much to introduce Europeans to Central Asia and China. He learned about trading whilst his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, travelled through Asia and apparently met Kublai Khan. In 1269, they returned to Venice to meet Marco for the first time. The three of them embarked on an epic journey to Asia, returning after 24 years to find Venice at war with Genoa; Marco was imprisoned, and dictated his stories to a cellmate. He was released in 1299, became a wealthy merchant, married and had three children. He died in 1324, and was buried in San Lorenzo.
Their pioneering journey inspired Christopher Columbus and others. Marco Polo's other legacies include Venice Marco Polo Airport, the Marco Polo sheep, and several books and films. He also had an influence on European cartography, leading to the introduction of the Fra Mauro map.
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