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This film explores
South Africa's apartheid policy, focusing on issues such as race relations, political practices, and segregated dwellings in the
1950's.
Apartheid (from Afrikaans "the state of being apart") was a system of racial segregation enforced through legislation by the
National Party (NP) governments, who were the ruling party from 1948 to
1994, of
South Africa, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and white supremacy and
Afrikaner minority rule was maintained. Apartheid was developed after
World War II by the Afrikaner-dominated National Party and
Broederbond organizations and was practiced also in
South West Africa, which was administered by South Africa under a
League of Nations mandate (revoked in 1966 via
United Nations Resolution 2145), until it gained independence as
Namibia 1990.
Racial segregation in South Africa began in colonial times under
Dutch and
British rule. However, apartheid as an official policy was introduced following the general election of 1948. New legislation classified inhabitants into four racial groups ("native", "white", "colored", and "
Asian"), and residential areas were segregated, sometimes by means of forced removals. Non-white political representation was completely abolished in
1970, and starting in that year black people were deprived of their citizenship, legally becoming citizens of one
of ten tribally based self-governing homelands called
Bantustans, four of which became nominally independent states.
The government segregated education, medical care, beaches, and other public services, and provided black people with services inferior to those of white people.
Apartheid sparked significant internal resistance and violence as well as a long arms and trade embargo against South Africa. Since the
1950s, a series of popular uprisings and protests were met with the banning of opposition and imprisoning of anti-apartheid leaders. As unrest spread and became more effective and militarized, state organizations responded with repression and violence. This, along with the sanctions placed on South Africa by the
West made it increasingly difficult for the government to maintain the regime.
Reforms to apartheid in the
1980s failed to quell the mounting opposition, and in 1990
President Frederik Willem de Klerk began negotiations to end apartheid, culminating in multi-racial democratic elections in 1994, which were won by the
African National Congress under
Nelson Mandela. The vestiges of apartheid still shape
South African politics and society. Although the official abolishment of Apartheid occurred in 1990 with repeal of the last of the remaining
Apartheid laws, the end of Apartheid is widely regarded as arising from the 1994 democratic general elections. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid_in_South_Africa
The Apartheid Legislation
The
Apartheid Legislation in South Africa was a series of different laws and acts which were to help the apartheid-government to enforce the segregation of different races and cement the power and the dominance by the
Whites, of substantially
European descent, over the other race groups. Starting in 1948, the
Nationalist Government in South Africa enacted laws to define and enforce segregation. With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalized. The effect of the legislation was invariably favorable to the whites and detrimental to the non-white racial groups namely the
Colored's,
Indians and
Blacks.
What makes South Africa's apartheid era different from segregation in other countries is the systematic way in which the National Party, which came into power in 1948, formalized the Apartheid rules through the law.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid_legislation_in_South_Africa
Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (born 18 July
1918) is a
South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician who served as
President of South Africa from 1994 to
1999. He was the first black South African to hold the office, and the first elected in a fully representative, multiracial election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid through tackling institutionalized racism, poverty and inequality, and fostering racial reconciliation. Politically an
African nationalist and democratic socialist, he served as the President of the African National Congress from
1991 to
1997. Mandela served 27 years in prison. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela
Apartheid in South Africa (
1957)
- published: 30 Jun 2013
- views: 70870