Aristotelian Physics the natural sciences, are described in the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC). In the Physics, Aristotle established general principles of change that govern all natural bodies; both living and inanimate, celestial and terrestrial—including all motion, change in respect to place, change in respect to size or number, qualitative change of any kind, and coming to be and passing away. As Martin Heidegger, one of the foremost philosophers of the twentieth century, once wrote,

To Aristotle, physics is a broad term that includes all nature sciences, such as philosophy of mind, body, sensory experience, memory and biology, and constitutes the foundational thinking underlying many of his works.

Some concepts involved in Aristotle's physics are:

While consistent with common human experience, Aristotle's principles were not based on controlled, quantitative experiments, so, while they account for many broad features of nature, they do not describe our universe in the precise, quantitative way we have more recently come to expect from science. Contemporaries of Aristotle like Aristarchus rejected these principles in favor of heliocentrism, but their ideas were not widely accepted. Aristotle's principles were difficult to disprove merely through casual everyday observation, but later development of the scientific method challenged his views with experiments, careful measurement, and more advanced technology such as the telescope and vacuum pump.