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Established in 1869 on the grounds of Vyšehrad Castle in Prague, Czech Republic, the Vyšehrad cemetery (Czech: Vyšehradský hřbitov) is the final resting place of many composers, artists, sculptors, writers, and those from the world of science and politics. The centrepiece of the cemetery is the Slavín Monument designed by Antonín Wiehl and the cemetery is sometimes referred to as the Slavín cemetery, which refers to the Slavín tomb, a large and notable tomb located within Vyšehrad cemetery.

Notable interments[link]

Some of the famous Czechs interred here:

• Mikoláš Aleš (1852–1913), painter
• Karel Ančerl (1908–1973), conductor of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra and Toronto Symphony Orchestra
• Josef Bican (1913–2001), footballer
• Karel Čapek (1890–1938), writer
• Antonin Chittussi (1847–1891), painter
• Emmy Destinn (Ema Destinnová, 1878–1930), opera singer
• Antonín Dvořák (1841–1904), composer
• Eduard Haken (1910–1996), operatic bass
• František Hrubín (1910–1971), writer and poet, friend of Jaroslav Seifert
• Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890–1967), Nobel prize winning founder of polarography
• Milada Horáková (1901–1950), doctor, victim of 1950s Czechoslovak communist party show trials
• Rafael Kubelík (1914–1996), conductor and composer
• Vilém Kurz (1872–1945), pianist and piano teacher
• Karel Hynek Mácha (1810–1836), romantic poet
• Alphonse Mucha (1860–1939), artist and designer
• Josef Václav Myslbek (1848–1922), sculptor
• Jan Neruda (1834–1891), poet and writer
• Božena Němcová (1820–1862), writer, author of the novel Babička ("The Grandmother")
• Zdeněk Nejedlý (1878–1962), musicologist, critic, and Communist politician
• Otakar Ostrčil (1879–1935), composer and conductor of the National Theater
• Olga Scheinpflugová (1902–1968), actress and wife of Karel Čapek
• Bedřich Smetana (1824–1884), composer
• Ladislav Šaloun (1870–1946), Art Nouveau sculptor
• Pavel Štěpán (1925–1998), pianist and piano teacher
• Ilona Štěpánová-Kurzová (1899–1975), pianist and piano teacher
• Max Švabinský (1873–1962), painter

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Vyšehrad Cemetery

• Longer list of famous people buried there
• Transcripts of Headstones

Coordinates: 50°03′54″N 14°25′04″E / 50.065°N 14.41778°E / 50.065; 14.41778

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Karel Čapek
Born	(1890-01-09)9 January 1890 Malé Svatoňovice, Bohemia, Austrian-Hungarian Empire (now the Czech Republic)
Died	25 December 1938(1938-12-25) (aged 48) Prague, Czechoslovak Republic (now the Czech Republic)
Occupation	writer
Spouse	Olga Scheinpflugová
Signature

Karel Čapek (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkarɛl ˈtʃapɛk] ( listen)) (January 9, 1890 – December 25, 1938) was a Czech writer of the 20th century.

Biography[link]

Born in 1890 in the Bohemian mountain village of Malé Svatoňovice to an overbearing, emotional mother and a distant yet adored father, Čapek was the youngest of three siblings. Čapek would maintain a close relationship with his brother Josef, living and writing with him throughout his adult life.^[1]

Čapek became enamored with the visual arts in his teenage years, especially Cubism. He studied in Prague at Charles University and at the Sorbonne in Paris.^[2] Exempted from military service due to the spinal problems that would haunt him his whole life, Čapek observed World War I from Prague. His political views were strongly affected by the war, and as a budding journalist he began to write on topics like nationalism and totalitarianism. Through social circles, the young writer developed close relationships with many of the political leaders of the nascent Czechoslovakian state. This included Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and his son Jan, who would later become president and foreign secretary.

His early attempts at fiction were mostly plays written with brother Josef. Čapek's first international success was Rossum’s Universal Robots, a dystopian work about a bad day at a factory populated with sentient androids. The play was translated into English in 1922, and was being performed in the UK and America by 1923. Throughout the 1920s, Čapek worked in many writing genres, producing both fiction and non-fiction, but worked primarily as a journalist.

In the 1930s, Čapek's work focused on the threat of brutal national socialist and fascist dictatorships. His most productive years were during the The First Republic of Czechoslovakia (1918–1938). He wrote Talks with T. G. Masaryk^[3] – Masaryk was a Czech patriot, the first President of Czechoslovakia, and a regular guest at Čapek's "Friday Men" garden parties for leading Czech intellectuals. Čapek was also a member of Masaryk's Hrad political network. This extraordinary relationship between the writer and the political leader may be unique. He also became a member of International PEN and established, and was first president of, the Czechoslovak Pen Club.

Soon after 1938 it became clear that the Western allies (France, Great Britain) had failed to fulfill the agreements, and failed to defend Czechoslovakia against Adolf Hitler. Karel Čapek refused to leave his country – despite the fact that the Nazi Gestapo had named him Czechoslovakia's "public enemy number two." Though he suffered all his life from the condition spondyloarthritis, Karel Čapek died of double pneumonia on December 25, 1938 shortly after part of Czechoslovakia was annexed by Nazi Germany following the so-called Munich Agreement. Čapek is buried at the Vyšehrad cemetery in Prague. His brother Josef Čapek, a painter and writer, died in the Nazi Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

Writing[link]

K.Čapek wrote with intelligence and humor on a wide variety of subjects. His works are known for their interesting and precise description of reality. Čapek is renowned for his excellent work with the Czech language. He is known as a science fiction author, who wrote before science fiction became widely recognized as a separate genre. Capek can be considered as one of the founders of classical, non-hardcore European science fiction which aims on possible future (or alternative) social and human evolution on Earth.

However, K.Čapek is comparable with Aldous Huxley and George Orwell as a speculative fiction writer, distinguishing his work from genre-specific hard science fiction.

House of Čapek brothers in Prague 10, Vinohrady

Many of his works discuss ethical aspects of industrial inventions and processes already anticipated in the first half of the 20th century. These include mass production, nuclear weapon, and post-human intelligent beings such as robots or salamanders.

Čapek also expressed fear from social disasters, dictatorship, violence, human stupidity, the unlimited power of corporations, and greed. Capek tried to find hope, and the way out. Čapek's literary heirs include Ray Bradbury, Salman Rushdie, Brian Aldiss, and Dan Simmons.

Ivan Klíma, in his biography of Čapek, notes his influence on modern Czech literature, as well as on the development of Czech as a written language. Čapek’s decision to use the vernacular, along with contemporaries like Jaroslav Hašek, was part of the early 20th century revival in written Czech. Klíma writes, "It is thanks to Čapek that the written Czech language grew closer to the language people actually spoke".^[1] Čapek was also a translator, and his translations of French poetry into the language inspired a new generation of Czech poets.^[1]

His other books and plays include detective stories, novels, fairy tales and theatre plays, and even a book on gardening.^[4] His most important works attempt to resolve problems of epistemology, to answer the question: "What is knowledge?" Examples include "The Tales from Two Pockets", and first book of all the trilogy of novels Hordubal, Meteor, and An Ordinary Life.

The grave of Karel Čapek and his spouse Olga Scheinpflugová in Vyšehrad cemetery

After World War II, Čapek's work was only reluctantly accepted by the communist government of Czechoslovakia, because during his life he had refused to accept communism as a viable alternative. He was the first in a series of influential non-marxist intellectuals who wrote a newspaper essay in a series called "Why I am not a Communist." ^[5]

In 2009 (70 years after his death), a book was published containing extensive correspondence by Karel Čapek, in which the writer discusses the subjects of pacifism and his conscientious objection to military service with lawyer Jindřich Groag from Brno. Until then, only a portion of these letters were known.^[6]

[edit] Etymology of robot

Karel Čapek introduced and made popular the frequently used international word robot, which first appeared in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) in 1920. While it is frequently thought that he was the originator of the word, he wrote a short letter in reference to an article in the Oxford English Dictionary etymology in which he named his brother, painter and writer Josef Čapek, as its actual inventor.^[7] In an article in the Czech journal Lidové noviny in 1933, he also explained that he had originally wanted to call the creatures laboři (from Latin labor, work). However, he did not like the word, seeing it as too artificial, and sought advice from his brother Josef, who suggested "roboti" (robots in English).

The word robot comes from the word robota, meaning literally serf labor, and, figuratively, "drudgery" or "hard work" in modern Czech (in Slovak, Russian, Polish, archaic Czech and other Slavic languages a similar word means simply "work").

An outline of Čapek's works[link]

Works which can be considered early science fiction[link]

• 1920 - R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) (Rossumovi univerzální roboti) - one of the first usages of artificial human-like beings in art and literature and are manufactured by biotechnology not mechanics.
• 1922 - The Makropulos Affair (Věc Makropulos) - discussion about human immortality, not really from a science-fiction point of view
• 1922 - The Absolute at Large (Továrna na absolutno) - can be interpreted as vision of consumer society
• 1922 - Krakatit - plot includes prediction of nuclear-weapon-like explosive
• 1936 - War with the Newts (Válka s mloky) - dystopian satire

Anti-Nazi plays from the 1930s[link]

• 1937 - The White Disease (Bílá nemoc) - earlier translated as Power and Glory
• 1938 - The Mother (Matka)

Other works[link]

• Stories from a Pocket and Stories from Another Pocket (Povídky z jedné a z druhé kapsy) — a common name for a cycle of short detective stories (5–10 pages long) that shared common attitude and characters, including The Last Judgement.
• How it is Made — satiric novels on the life of theatre, newspaper and film studio.
• The Gardener's Year (Zahradníkův rok, 1929) is exactly what it says it is: a year-round guide to gardening, charmingly written, with illustrations by his brother Josef Čapek.^[8]
• Pictures from the Insects' Life (Ze života hmyzu), also known as The Insect Play or The Life of the Insects, with Josef Čapek, a satire in which insects stand in for various human characteristics: the flighty, vain butterfly, the obsequious, self serving dung beetle.
• Apocryphal Tales (Kniha apokryfů, 1932, 2nd edition 1945),^[9] short stories about literary and historical characters, such as Hamlet, a struggling playwright, Pontius Pilate, Don Juan, Alexander arguing with his teacher Aristotle, and Sarah and Abraham attempting to name ten good people so Sodom can be saved: "What do you have against Namuel? He's stupid but he's pious."
• Nine Fairy Tales: And One More Thrown in for Good Measure (Devatero Pohádek a ještě jedna od Josefa Čapka jako přívažek, 1932)
• Dashenka, or the Life of a Puppy (Dášenka čili Život štěněte, 1933)^[10]

Travel books[link]

• Letters from Italy (Italské listy, 1923)^[11]
• Letters from England (Anglické listy, 1924)^[12]
• Letters from Spain (Výlet do Španěl, 1930)^[13]
• Letters from Holland (Obrázky z Holandska, 1932)^[14]
• Travels in the North (Cesta na Sever, 1936)^[15]

Selected bibliography[link]

• The Absolute at Large, 1922 (in Czech), 1927, The Macmillan Company, New York, translator uncredited. Also published June 1975, Garland Publishing ISBN 0-8240-1403-0,
• Apocryphal Tales, 1945 (in Czech), May 1997, Catbird Press Paperback ISBN 0-945774-34-6, Translated by Norma Comrada
• An Atomic Phantasy: Krakatit or simply Krakatit, 1924 (in Czech)
• Cross Roads, 2002, Catbird Press, ISBN 0-945774-55-9 cloth; 0-945774-54-0 trade paperback. Translation by Norma Comrada of "Boží muka" (1917) and "Trapné povídky" (1921).
• Nine Fairy Tales: And One More Thrown in for Good Measure, October 1996, Northwestern Univ Press Paperback Reissue Edition, ISBN 0-8101-1464-X. Illustrated by Josef Capek, Translated by Dagmar Herrmann
• R.U.R, March 1970, Pocket Books ISBN 0-671-46605-4
• Tales from Two Pockets 1928-9 (in Czech), 1994, Catbird Press Paperback, ISBN 0-945774-25-7
• Talks With T.G. Masaryk Non-fiction. Biography of T.G. Masaryk, founder of Czechoslovakia.
• Three Novels: Hordubal, Meteor, An Ordinary Live, 1933–34, Translated by M. and R. Weatherall, 1990, Catbird Press
• Toward the Radical Center: A Karel Capek Reader. Collection of stories, plays and columns. Edited by Peter Kussi, Catbird Press ISBN 0-945774-07-9
• War with the Newts 1936 (in Czech), May 1967, Berkley Medallion Edition Paperback. Translated by M. & R. Weatherall, March 1990, Catbird Press paperback, ISBN 0-945774-10-9, October 1996, Northwestern University Press paperback ISBN 0-8101-1468-2

Another English translation by Ewald Osers ISBN 978-0-945774-10-5

Čapek biographies in English[link]

• "Karel Čapek: An Essay," Alexander Matuška, George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1964. Translation from the Slovak by Cathryn Alan of "Člověk protí zkaze: Pokus o Karla Čapka."
• "Karel Čapek," by William E. Harkins, Columbia University Press, 1962.
• "Karel Čapek: In Pursuit of Truth, Tolerance and Trust," Bohunka R. Bradbrook, Sussex Academic Press, 1998, ISBN 1-898723-85-0.
• "Karel Čapek: Life and Work," Ivan Klíma, Catbird Press, 2002, ISBN 0-945774-53-2. Translation from the Czech by Norma Comrada of "Velký věk chce mít tež velké mordy: Život a dílo Karla Čapka."

Čapek in Literature[link]

Čapek is a central character (along with his brother Josef) in David Herter's First Republic trilogy, comprising the novels On the Overgrown Path, The Luminous Depths and One Who Disappeared.

Čapek in popular culture[link]

• On the science fiction cartoon show Futurama (season 1, episode 5 - "Fear of a Bot Planet"), a planet inhabited entirely by robots was named "Chapek 9", as a reference to Karel Čapek's coining of the term "robot".
• In the Star Trek episode "Requiem for Methuselah", the android Rayna Kapec was named in honor of Čapek.
• A recurring character in the cartoon show Batman: The Animated Series was named Karl Rossum. He was an inventor that specialized in robots.
• The story "Big Robots" in Judge Dredd Megazine (#257 - ?) features a Mega-City One tower block named "Karel Čapek" which turned out to be a giant robot.
• At least two computer programming languages were named for Čapek:
  • KAREL is the programming language for FANUC robots.
  • Karel is a teaching tool, intended to introduce programming to beginners; students instruct a robot (also named Karel) how to perform various tasks.
• In the computer game Red Faction there is a character named Dr. Capek, who is involved in experiments with nanotechnology.
• The Japanese H-game R.U.R.U.R. uses "Čapek" as a term for a specific type of robot: biological machines made from flesh mixed in a vat with nanomachines.
• There is a Dr Capek in Heinlein's DOUBLE STAR.
• On the TV show Dollhouse, the parent corporation is named Rossum.
• In the video game Mass Effect 2, one mission requires the player to shut down a factory which produces defective robots on a planet called Capek.

See also[link]

• Czech science fiction and fantasy

Further reading[link]

• Swirski, Peter. "Chapter 4 Karel Čapek and the Politics of Memory" From LowBrow to Nobrow. Montreal, London: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005.

Notes[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Karel Čapek

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Karel Čapek

• Overview
• Karel Čapek, 1890--1938 - brief biography, with information about the writer's plays and novels
• Further links
• Karel Čapek page at Catbird Press, a publisher of several Čapek translations
• Works by Karel Capek at Project Gutenberg
• RUR and War with the Newts in English translation
• Čapek in English translation by David Wyllie
• The monument of Karel Čapek
• Čapek, Karel: Válka s Mloky Czech version, online book
• Karel Čapek entry at the Literary Encyclopedia
• (Czech) Complete work of Karel Capek is available in fulltext on the web sites of Municipal library in Prague
• Krakatit Czech online PDF
• R.U.R. Czech online PDF

The caricature of Josef Suk, Václav Talich and Vítězslav Novák by Hugo Boettinger

Václav Talich (Czech pronunciation: [ˈvaːtslaf ˈtalɪx]) (28 May 1883 – 16 March 1961) was a Czech conductor, violinist and pedagogue.

Life[link]

Born in Kroměříž, Moravia, he started his musical career in a student orchestra in Klatovy. From 1897 to 1903 he studied at the conservatory in Prague with Otakar Ševčík. For a short period he was the concertmaster of the Berlin Philharmonic, and he was so fascinated by the chief conductor Arthur Nikisch, that he decided to become a conductor himself. His conducting career started in Tbilisi. From 1915 to 1918 he performed as violist of the Bohemian Quartet (later the Czech Quartet). His career with the Czech Philharmonic started on 30 October 1918 with the poem Zrání (The Ripening) by Josef Suk. From 1919 to 1941 he became chief conductor of the Czech Philharmonic, raising them to internationally respected levels and touring widely with them. During World War II, in a very difficult situation, he tried to support Czech culture, but after the war was accused of collaboration with the Germans. However, the accusations were refuted and he started to conduct again in 1946. In 1946, he established the Czech Chamber Orchestra,^[1] with students of the Prague Conservatory.

In 1935, he was also appointed chief opera administrator at the Czech National Theatre, where he promoted works of Leoš Janáček, some of whose works he premiered.^[2] He was forced to leave when it was closed by the Germans during World War II, took up the post again after the end of the war, but was fired following disagreements with the government in 1947. He took the post up again shortly thereafter, and was then fired once again in 1948 after the Communist party took over the country.^[3] Subsequently, he became conductor of the newly formed Slovak Philharmonic in Bratislava. In November 1954, he conducted his last public performance with the Czech Philharmonic. He spent the last years of his life in Beroun, Czechoslovakia. In 1957 he became a National Artist, the highest distinction in Czechoslovakia.

Particularly noted for his interpretations of Czech composers such as Antonín Dvořák, Bedřich Smetana and Josef Suk, Talich also did much to bring the operas of Leoš Janáček into the standard repertoire. Talich also taught a good deal, with Charles Mackerras, Karel Ančerl, Ivan Romanoff, and Milan Munclinger among his pupils.

References[link]

Sources[link]

• (Czech) Sláma, František (2001). Z Herálce do Šangrilá a zase nazpátek. Říčany: Orego. ISBN 80-86117-61-8. 

• (Czech) Kuna, Milan (1980). Václav Talich. Prague. 

• (Czech) Československý hudební slovník osob a institucí, II (Czechoslovak Music Dictionary). Prague: SHV. 1965. 

• (Czech) Holzknecht, Václav (1963). Česká filharmonie, příběh orchestru (Czech Philharmonic. History of the Orchestra). Prague: SHV. 

External links[link]

• František Sláma (musician) Archive: Václav Talich in Documents and Reminiscences.

Sections Czech Philharmonic Conductors, Part 1-3, Czech Philharmonic Instrumentalists: Václav Talich generation in the orchestra, Czech Philharmonic in Documents, Václav Talich's Czech Chamber Orchestra, its history in documents, images and eyewitness accounts

• (French) Éric Baude: Václav Talich
• Supraphon Václav Talich Recordings. CD Special Edition. Supraphon 2005. SU 3825-2
• Václav Talich at Allmusic
• Václav Talich conducts Antonín Dvořák's Slavonic Dances. - More about this recording with the Czech Philharmonic

Portrait of Mikoláš Aleš

Mikoláš Aleš (November 18, 1852 - July 10, 1913), was a Czech painter.^[1]

Biography[link]

Aleš was born in Mirotice near Písek, into a relatively rich family that was in debt at the time.^[1] He was taught history by his brother František until the latter's death in 1865; he expressed interest in painting at an early age. In 1879 he got married to Marina Kailová and moved to Italy where he continued his career in painting.^[2] He moved back to Prague to work on the new artwork at the Prague National Theatre along with other notable painters. Aleš died in Prague at the age of 60.

Paintings[link]

Aleš is estimated to have had over 5,000 published pictures; he painted for everything from magazines to playing cards to textbooks. His paintings were not publicized too widely outside Bohemia, but many of them are still available, and Mikoláš Aleš is regarded as one of the Czech Republic's greatest artists.^[3]

A picture of Jiří of Poděbrady and Matthias Corvinus by Mikoláš Aleš

Legacy[link]

Aleš is probably best known today as being one of the painters (the other being František Ženíšek) that redecorated the famous foyer of the Czech National Theatre.^[4] Aleš did gain fame during his lifetime, especially for his architectural artwork but his paintings were mostly only praised after his death. Now many streets in the Czech Republic are named after Aleš. Aleš's work, while not embraced by the German Nazis who controlled the Czech lands from 1938 to 1945, was used extensively for propaganda purposes by the later Communist regime especially during the 1950s.^[5] He was voted #89 in a 2005 poll regarding the most important Czech.^[6]

Aleš's grave

See also[link]

• List of Czech painters

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mikoláš Aleš

Emmy Destinn

Emmy Destinn (Ema Destinnová ([ˈɛma ˈdɛstɪnovaː] ( listen)); 26 February 1878 – 28 January 1930) was a Czech operatic soprano with a strong and soaring lyric-dramatic voice. She had a career both in Europe and at the New York Metropolitan Opera.

Biography[link]

Destinn was born Emílie Pavlína Věnceslava Kittlová ([ˈɛmiːlɪjɛ ˈpavliːna ˈvjɛntsɛslava ˈkɪtlovaː]) in Prague, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

At first Destinn devoted herself to studying the violin, and intended to shine as a virtuoso on that instrument. When she was well on in her teens, however, her voice was so rich and full that she changed her mind and determined upon an operatic career.

Theatre Magazine, vol. 24, 1911

Her voice teacher since age 13 had been Marie Maria von Dreger Loewe-Destinn, and the young singer began using her teacher's surname as a tribute. She was let go after the short engagement at the Dresden Opera and declined by Prague National Theatre in 1897.^[1] Destinn debuted on 19 July 1898 at the Berlin Court Opera as Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana.^[1] She made such progress that the intendant of the Berlin Court Opera engaged her at once when she was brought to her notice. She was merely nineteen at the time, but her voice and her genius for acting soon won the Berlin public. Her engagement in Berlin lasted till 27 October 1909. She sang in 54 operas, including 12 premieres, the most famous of which was Salome by Richard Strauss (5 December 1906).^[1]

Una partita a poker – a crucial scene of Puccini's La fanciulla del West; Minnie – Emmy Destinn; Johnson – Enrico Caruso; Sheriff Jack Rance – Pasquale Amato

Her fame became international in 1901 when she was invited to sing the part of Senta in Der Fliegende Holländer at Germany's Bayreuth Festspielhaus. She returned to sing the same role the next year.

Destinn made her London debut at Covent Garden's Royal Opera House on 2 May 1904, as Donna Anna in Don Giovanni. She appeared there in several operas for the next two seasons, including the London premiere of Madama Butterfly with Caruso. Her Metropolitan Opera debut came in 1908 with an acclaimed performance of Aida, after she was released from her contract with the Berlin Court Opera. Two years later at the Met, she created the role of Minnie in the premiere of Puccini's La fanciulla del West, again opposite Caruso, and under the direction of Arturo Toscanini.

Memorial of Emmy Destinn near Třeboň

While she was highly successful in the lighter roles of Wagner's operas, her spinto voice—although large in size, with a ringing top register—was better suited to German music of a less declamatory type. She also excelled in the French part of Carmen, too, in which she was said to rival Calvé, and in the Italian roles of Aida, Madama Butterfly and Leonora (in Il trovatore).

Destin's career suffered a fatal blow in World War I. She returned to her homeland after the start of the war in 1914, but her links with the patriotic Czech resistance caused her passport to be revoked. She was interned at her chateau for the remainder of the conflict. By the time that she returned to the Met in 1919, her voice had become rusty and she had been replaced in the hearts of New York audiences by a new generation of singers, though she did still continue to sing with the company until 1920.

Destinn returned to Czechoslovakia, where she married Joseph Halsbach, a Czech air-force officer, in 1923. She retired from the stage in 1926 and died from a stroke in České Budějovice, Czechoslovakia. She is interred in the Vyšehrad cemetery in Prague.

Emmy Destinn was a versatile artist and besides being a singer was a poet, novelist and playwright—though nothing she achieved in other professions has rivalled her reputation as a singer. Her voice can still be heard on CD reissues of the many 78-rpm gramophone records which she made during her prime, most famously in America for the Victor label.

Destinn's likeness appeared in 1996 on the 2,000 Czech koruna banknote.^[2]

	"Song to the Moon" ("Měsíčku na nebi hlubokém") From Antonín Dvořák's Rusalka; performed in 1915. "Vissi d'arte" "Vissi d'arte" from Giacomo Puccini's Tosca; recorded in 1914.
Problems listening to these files? See media help.

This article is based on a text from the Etude magazine, prior to 1923, that is in the public domain.

Notes[link]

External links[link]

Media related to Emmy Destinn at Wikimedia Commons

• Biography, discography, bibliography from the Kapralova Society
• The Emmy Destinn Foundation, with a biography
• Biography by Alan Bilgora for Prima Voce
• Biography from Opera-Gems.com