Ingratiation, a term coined by social psychologist Edward E. Jones, is a social psychological technique in which an individual attempts to become more attractive or likeable to their target. This outcome can be achieved by using several methods such as other-enhancement, opinion conformity, and self presentation/self-promotion. Other enhancement is a method in which the ingratiator compliments the target individual. Opinion conformity occurs when the ingratiator adopts and validates the attitudes and beliefs of the target individual. Self-presentation/self-promotion is a technique in which the ingratiator emphasizes their own attributes in order to be seen positively in the eyes of the target individual. Recently, researchers have added onto this list of ingratiation methods, and now recognize self-deprecation, instrumental dependency, name dropping and situation-specific behaviors as forms of ingratiation as well.

Ingratiation, as a topic in social psychology, was first defined and analyzed by social psychologist Edward E. Jones. In addition to his pioneering studies on ingratiation, Jones also helped develop some of the fundamental theories of social psychology such as the Fundamental Attribution Error and the Actor-Observer Bias.

Ramesh Sippy (Sindhi: रमेश सिप्पी) (born 23 January 1947 Karachi, British India) is an Indian film director, probably best known for directing the popular and critically acclaimed film Sholay (Embers).

His father was producer G. P. Sippy, and his son Rohan Sippy is also a film director. His daughter Sheena Sippy is married to Shashi Kapoor's son - Kunal Kapoor. Ramesh Sippy has been married twice; his current wife is actress Kiran Juneja.

Ramesh visited the sets of the film Sazaa, his father's first film, when he was 6 years old. His first film job came when he was 9 years old, when he played Achala Sachdev's son in Shahenshah. He worked in both the production and direction departments in films like Johar-Mehmood in Goa and Mere Sanam, which his father was producing. He worked for 7 years as an assistant before becoming the director of Andaz, in 1971. Although this was only a moderate success, his second film Seeta Aur Geeta (1972) was highly successful.

In 1975 he directed Sholay which went on to become the biggest blockbuster in Bollywood film history and won lots of acclaim. Sholay still remains one of the biggest blockbuster films in Hindi film history and remains one of the favourites for Hindi film audiences globally. The film is notable for the memorable performance of the late actor Amjad Khan in the legendary villain role of Gabbar Singh. While Sholay was a tribute to Westerns, his next film Shaan in 1980 was inspired by the James Bond films. This film was notable for the villain Shakaal (portrayed by Kulbhushan Kharbanda) who was inspired by the James Bond villain Blofeld. In 1982 he brought together veteran actor Dilip Kumar and the current superstar of the time Amitabh Bachchan in Shakti. While the film was only moderately successful, it won the Filmfare Best Movie Award. In 1985 he directed Saagar which was considered a comeback film for Dimple Kapadia.