How Fiber Optics Work

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• published: 23 Feb 2014
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How Fiber Optics Work Bill uses a bucket of propylene glycol to show how a fiber optic cable works and how engineers send signal across oceans. How Light Bulbs Work http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQIYXqnq-sU How Does a Microwave Oven Work http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_v6uOYWU68 How Lasers Work http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BP6Cl39TgQk How Fiber Optics Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9VmA2S2XiCo How does a lead-acid battery work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovWoajfIi94 How does a smoke detector work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3FTuu-V8Is How the Smartphone works http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wZQ0aZw3LI How an atomic clock works http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35LHWJOtVCU How digital camera works http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrpYqi0r5kY How does a hard drive works https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYAKiHKPd84 How Nuclear Bombs Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kf3O8qmkx2s Anodizing the beauty of corrosion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c11nl8XcohE 0:02 William yo 0:08 I find this a fascinating objected to fiber optic cable for a Stereogum 0:13 if I shyness laser pointer down the cable it guides line up together in 0:18 these cables are used to connect our world today 0:23 are capable of transmitting information across countries in oceans 0:26 the first let me show you how it works all I have a bucket that modify with the 0:30 window in front 0:31 them and on the other side 0:35 I put the stopper in this whole right here group 0:41 a bottle of propylene glycol with just a little bit agreement most 0:47 a rinsed and Gracy 0:51 leased and 0:54 now keep your eye on this mom 0:58 little 1:08 that's wonderful the light follows the likud flow 1:11 all the way to the park amazing it does this because if total 1:15 internal reflection as light enters the stream is reflected as soon as it hits 1:20 the interface between here and liquid 1:21 you can see here the first reflection and in the second and the third 1:25 this occurs because there's a difference between the index refractive the guy 1:37 material reflected from a 1:38 or past into and through it the latter we call fraction 1:41 its easier to see from a top you reflection and refraction could happen 1:46 at the same time 1:47 but if the light rain hits the surface at an angle greater than the critical 1:50 angle 1:50 it will be completely reflected in not refracted for this property in like on 1:54 your system as long as a beam hits the surface at an angle greater 1:58 44-point 35 degrees measured from the normal 2:01 he will propagate down the street total internal reflection 2:04 to create the same effect in an optical fiber 2:07 engineers create a core of class usually pure silicon dioxide 2:11 an outside layer called cladding which they also typically make from silicon 2:15 dioxide 2:16 but with bits of boron merger mania to decrease its index of refraction 2:19 a one-percent difference is enough to make a fighter work 2:23 to make such a long thin piece of glass in juniors heat a large class pre for 2:27 its center is the pure core class and the outside the cladding 2:31 they didn't roll or Paula fiber by wind in the mail onto a wheel it speeds up to 2:35 1600 meters per second 2:37 typically these drawing towers are several stories tall 3:21 it could handle some 14,000 simultaneous phone calls 3:25 the essence and how they send information through a fiber optic cable 3:28 is very simple 3:52 we want to make this a digital signal which means discrete values loudness and 3:56 not just any value 3:57 for example a use for bits which means I have 16 possible values for the loudness 4:23 we can think the signal as a series on ones and zeros organized by time 4:27 and it is that sequence that we see in through a fire up the cable 4:30 flash for one and nothing 30 of course the exact method encoding is no one at 4:35 the receiving end 4:36 so it is a trivial matter to decipher the message now 4:39 fibers 4:48 look back on our property in stream here's how the attenuated travels 4:53 you can see here in narrow beam in the bucket the Broughton's a bit when it 4:56 enters the stream 4:57 and then after the first bounce the bean leaves even broader than and entered 5:01 that's because the interface for the air is uneven and the Rays that make up the 5:05 beam strike it slightly different angles 5:07 when that be makes its second reflection those individual raise diverge even more 5:11 Intel by the time it reaches the third bounce many the Rays are no longer the 5:15 critical angle 5:16 Lincoln exit from the side to the stream hear it happens in a few inches 5:20 the cable like having the signal travels a stunning 50 kilometers before it needs 5:24 to be amplified 5:25 absolutely amazing I don't have it the engineer guy 5:32 home This video is Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ and it is from https://goo.gl/tIuRCA