- published: 19 May 2014
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The Tonlé Sap (Khmer: ទន្លេសាប IPA: [tunleː saːp], "Large Fresh Water River", but more commonly translated as "Great Lake") is a combined lake and river system of major importance to Cambodia.
The Tonlé Sap is the largest freshwater lake in South East Asia and is an ecological hot spot that was designated as a UNESCO biosphere in 1997.
The Tonlé Sap is unusual for two reasons: its flow changes direction twice a year, and the portion that forms the lake expands and shrinks dramatically with the seasons. From November to May, Cambodia's dry season, the Tonlé Sap drains into the Mekong River at Phnom Penh. However, when the year's heavy rains begin in June, the Tonlé Sap backs up to form an enormous lake.
For most of the year the lake is fairly small, around one meter deep and with an area of 2,700 square km. During the monsoon season, however, the Tonlé Sap river, which connects the lake with the Mekong river, reverses its flow. Water is pushed up from the Mekong into the lake, increasing its area to 16,000 square km and its depth to up to nine meters, flooding nearby fields and forests. The floodplain provides a great breeding ground for fish.
Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (tracheids or vessel elements) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant. The xylem cells transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Xylem sap consists primarily of water, with hormones, mineral elements and other nutrients dissolved in it. Transport of sap in xylem is characterized by movement from the roots toward the leaves. Over the past century, there has been some controversy regarding the mechanism of xylem sap transport; today, most plant scientists agree that the cohesion-tension theory, along with evapotranspiration best explains this process.
Phloem sap consists primarily of water, with sugars, hormones, and mineral elements dissolved in it. It flows from where carbohydrates are produced or stored to where they are used. The pressure flow hypothesis proposes a mechanism for phloem sap transport.
Maple syrup is made from reduced sugar maple xylem sap. It is often from the Sugar Maple, or Acer saccharum. In some countries (e.g., Russia, Latvia, Estonia or Finland) it is common to collect the early spring sap of birch trees (so called "birch juice") for human consumption; the sap can be used fresh or fermented and contains xylitol.
(Victor Jara - 1968 - cancion)
Te recuerdo Amanda,
la calle mojada,
corriendo a la fabrica
donde trabajava Manuel.
La sonrisa ancha,
la lluvia en el pelo,
no imporataba nada,
ibas a encontrarte
con el, con el, con el, con el, con el
son cinco minutos,
la vida es eterna en cinco minutos.
Suena la sirena, devuelta al trabajo
y tu, caminando lo iluminas todo,
los cinco minutos te hacen florecer.
Te recuerdo Amanda,
la calle mojada
corriendo a la fabrica
donde trabajava Manuel.
La sonrisa ancha,
la lluvia en el pelo,
no imporataba nada,
ibas a encontrarte
con el, con el, con el, con el, con el
que partio al sierra,
que nunca hizo dano,
que partio a la sierra
y en cinco minutos
quedo destrozado
Suena la sirena,
de vuelta al trabajo,
muchos no volvieron,
tampoco Manuel.
Te recuerdo Amanda,
la calle mojada,
corriendo a la fabrica