Tops Friendly Markets

Tops Friendly Markets is an American supermarket chain based in Williamsville, New York, with stores in western, central, and northern New York, Vermont and in northern Pennsylvania.

History

Early years

Tops Friendly Markets was co-founded by Armand Castellani, who was born in 1917 in a village outside of Rome, Italy. His family came to the United States in 1920, and eventually settled in Niagara Falls, where his father, Ferrante, opened a small neighborhood grocery store.

Following his mother's death in 1933, Castellani left school to help manage the store. He continued to do so until joining the Army in 1941. He attained the rank of captain after five years' service.

After World War II, Castellani returned to the family business. In 1951, he set out on his own and opened the Great Bear Market in Niagara Falls. Shortly thereafter, he partnered with Thomas Buscaglia, owner of a grocery equipment firm, T.A. Buscaglia Equipment Co. Throughout the 1950s, Buscaglia, as CEO, and Castellani worked together, entering into a cooperative agreement with other small stores to build the foundation of what was to become the Tops Friendly Markets chain.

TOPS-20

The TOPS-20 operating system by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) was a proprietary OS for the PDP-10 mainframe computer.

TOPS-20 began in 1969 as the TENEX operating system of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) and shipped as a product by DEC starting in 1976. TOPS-20 is almost entirely unrelated to the similarly named TOPS-10, but it was shipped with the PA1050 TOPS-10 Monitor Calls emulation facility which allowed most, but not all, TOPS-10 executables to run unchanged. As a matter of policy, DEC did not update PA1050 to support later TOPS-10 additions except where required by DEC software.

TOPS-20 competed with TOPS-10, ITS and WAITS—all available for the PDP-10 during this timeframe.

TENEX

In the 1960s, BBN was involved in a number of LISP-based artificial intelligence projects for DARPA, many of which had very large (for the era) memory requirements. One solution to this problem was to add paging software to the LISP language, allowing it to write out unused portions of memory to disk for later recall if needed. One such system had been developed for the PDP-1 at MIT by Daniel Murphy before he joined BBN. Early DEC machines were based on an 18-bit word, allowing addresses to encode for a 262-kword memory. The machines were based on expensive core memory and included nowhere near the required amount. The pager used the most significant bits of the address to index a table of blocks on a magnetic drum that acted as the pager's backing store, and the software would fetch the pages if needed and then re-write the address to point to the proper area of RAM.

Girls (Beastie Boys song)

"Girls" is a song by American hip hop group the Beastie Boys, released in 1987 as well as the music video as the seventh and final single from their debut album Licensed to Ill. Like "(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)", this song was never performed live and it is one of the few songs on the album that are not in the vein of their standard rap songs.

Song structure and lyrics

The song is the shortest on the album, lasting just over 2 minutes long. The song's instrumental is relatively simple, consisting of a drum beat being played over a vibraphone loop, with occasional pauses. The song contains many similarities to the song "Shout" by The Isley Brothers.

Lyrically, the song talks about the narrator (Ad-Rock)'s desire for women. He recalls a experience from two years before with a woman who had an interest in the narrator's band mate MCA. MCA did not share her feelings and permitted the narrator to pursue her romantically. Ad-Rock takes the woman for a walk near a body of water and asks for her hand. The woman rejects his proposal. She moves to a far away location but in the present day the narrator sees her back in town showing interest in his other band mate, Mike D.

Seven (Korean singer)

Choi Dong-wook (born November 9, 1984), better known by his stage name Se7en, is a South Korean singer, who has also advanced into Japan, China and the United States.

Career

2003: Debut

Se7en began training under the management agency YG Entertainment at the age of fifteen. After four years of training in singing and dancing, he made his debut in 2003 with "Come Back To Me". He then released his debut album Just Listen on March 8, 2003. Later that year, he received the Best Newcomer Award from MNET. MNET described Se7en as a super rookie who could only stand against Rain, although the two were friends back in their high school years, alongside Boom.

2007–2009: American debut

Se7en and the YG Family (including Big Bang, 2NE1, Jinusean, Gummy, PSY and Epik High) made an appearance on the now defunct MTV K, followed by three concerts in Washington DC, New York City, and Los Angeles, to celebrate YG Family's 10th Anniversary and to help promote Se7en before his American debut. The MTV K documentary aired on December 11, 2006.

Amber Lily

HIDDEN ERROR: Usage of "instruments" is not recognized

Amber Lily Solberg (born January 18, 1997), better known as simply Amber Lily, is an American singer, actress, and dancer from San Francisco, California. She was featured on Radio Disney's "Next Big Thing", or "N.B.T.".

Biography

Early life and first studio album (1997-2008)

Amber Lily Solberg was born on January 18, 1997 near Los Angeles, California, to parents Eric Solberg and Maria Elena Baduria. She is half Norwegian and half Filipino. Solberg began singing at the age of 5, where she sang Christina Aguilera's song "Reflection" at her school's first grade talent show. Later on, at age 7, she starred in her first musical theater production. On August 8, 2008, she released her first full-length album, Amber Lily, which contained 9 original songs, each co-written by Solberg and Simone Sello, who produced the entire album.

Radio Disney's Next Big Thing (2009-2010)

Amber Lily was a featured artist on Disney's "Next Big Thing", or "N.B.T", alongside 4 other acts, which were announced late 2009. Two original singles were featured on the show: "2 2 2 L8" and "Next To You." They were later featured on her second album, Coming to Life. Amber Lily did not win the competition, but has been featured on Radio Disney's channel, the same thing happens with Coco Jones and "N.B.T." winners, Kicking Daisies.

PoweredUSB

PoweredUSB, also known as Retail USB, USB PlusPower, and USB +Power, is an addition to the Universal Serial Bus standard that allows for higher-power devices to obtain power through their USB host instead of requiring an independent power supply or external AC adapter. It is mostly used in point-of-sale equipment, such as receipt printers and barcode readers.

History

PoweredUSB, as a proprietary variant of USB, was developed and proposed by IBM, Berg (now FCI), NCR and Microsoft between 1998 and 1999, with the last revision (0.8g) issued in 2004. The specification is not endorsed by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF). IBM, who owns patents to PoweredUSB, charges a licensing fee for its use.

PoweredUSB was licensed by Hewlett-Packard, Cyberdata, Fujitsu, Wincor and others.

Implementation

PoweredUSB uses a more complex connector than standard USB, maintaining the standard USB 1.x/2.0 interface for data communications and adding a second connector for power. Physically, it is essentially two connectors stacked such that the bottom connector accepts a standard USB plug and the top connector takes a power plug.

IBM Power (software)

POWER was an IBM operating system enhancement package that provided spooling facilities for the IBM System/360 running DOS/360 or retrofitted with modified DOS/360. Upgrades, POWER/VS and POWER/VSE were available for and the IBM System/370 running DOS/VS and DOS/VSE respectively. POWER is an acronym for Priority Output Writers, Execution processors and input Readers.

The product

POWER was an operating system enhancement available for DOS/360, DOS/VS, and DOS/VSE, and came packaged with some third party DOS-based operating systems. International Business Machines released POWER in 1969 following a public introduction at the IBM Wall Street Data Center.

It 'spooled' (queued) printer and card data, freeing programs from being dependent upon the speed of printers or punched card equipment.

POWER competed with non-IBM products, namely DataCorp's The Spooler and SDI's GRASP. Unlike the other products, POWER required a dedicated partition.

It allowed a single printer (1403/2311), punch (2520, 2540) or reader (2540, 2501) to be shared by two or more processing partitions. Input data was asynchronously loaded and directed to the proper partition by Job class. Output was directed to disk and stored there - then directed to a printer or punch by the writer type, (PRT, PUN), Job Class, Priority and form code. This was provided in PRT and PUN control cards in the input stream. Once the operator put the proper form in the printer/punch and told power to start (G PUN or G PRT on the console) the device would continue until no more output of that type was available. When a new form was encountered it would alert the operator to change forms and wait for the next go command.