Hakea (pincushion tree )[1] is a genus of 149 species of shrubs and small trees in the Proteaceae , native to Australia . They are found throughout the country, with the highest species diversity being found in the south west of Western Australia .
They can reach 1–6 m in height, and have spirally arranged leaves 2–20 cm long, simple or compound, sometimes (e.g. H. suaveolens ) with the leaflets thin cylindrical and rush -like. The flowers are produced in dense flowerheads of variable shape, globose to cylindrical, 3–10 cm long, with numerous small red, yellow, pink, purple, pale blue or white flowers.
Hakeas are named after Baron Christian Ludwig von Hake , the 18th century German patron of botany , following Heinrich Schrader 's description of Hakea teretifolia in 1797.[2]
It is now beginning to become accepted [3] that Grevillea is paraphyletic with respect to Hakea . It is likely, therefore, that Hakea may soon be transferred into Grevillea .
Classification [ edit ]
Hakeas are closely related to the genus Grevillea and Finschia , both members of the subfamily Grevilleoideae within the family Proteaceae . Many species have similar inflorescences , but hakeas can be distinguished by their woody seed pods.
Horticulture [ edit ]
Hakeas are popular ornamental plants in gardens in Australia, and in many locations are as common as grevilleas and banksias. Several hybrids and cultivars have been developed. They are best grown in beds of light soil which is watered but still well drained.
Some showy western species, such as Hakea multilineata , H. francisiana and H. bucculenta , require grafting onto hardy stock such as Hakea salicifolia for growing in more humid climates, as they are sensitive to dieback .
Many species, particularly (but not always) Eastern Australian species, are notable for their hardiness, to the point they have become weedy. Hakea gibbosa , H. sericea and H. drupacea (previously H. suaveolens ) have been weeds in South Africa , Hakea laurina has become naturalized around Adelaide , and Hakea salicifolia , Hakea gibbosa and Hakea sericea are invasive weeds in New Zealand .
Hakea decurrens ssp. physocarpa
Species [ edit ]
Hakea actites (Mulloway Needlebush, Wallum Hakea)
Hakea aculeata (Column Hakea)
Hakea acuminata
Hakea adnata
Hakea aenigma
Hakea ambigua
Hakea amplexicaulis (Prickly Hakea)
Hakea anadenia
Hakea arborescens (Yellow Hakea, Arrarruwurra (Groote Eylandt ), Derinding (Kununurra ))
Hakea archaeoides
Hakea asperma
Hakea auriculata
Hakea bakeriana
Hakea baxteri (Fan Hakea)
Hakea bicornata
Hakea brachyptera (Short-winged Hakea)
Hakea brownii (Fan-leaf Hakea)
Hakea bucculenta (Red Pokers)
Hakea candolleana
Hakea carinata
Hakea ceratophylla (Horned-leaf Hakea, Staghorn Hakea)
Hakea chordophylla (Bootlace Oak, Bull Oak, Corkwood)
Hakea chromatropa [4]
Hakea cinerea (Ashy Hakea, Grey Hakea)
Hakea circumalata
Hakea clavata (Coastal Hakea)
Hakea collina
Hakea commutata
Hakea conchifolia (Shell-leaved Hakea)
Hakea constablei
Hakea corymbosa (Cauliflower Hakea)
Hakea costata (Ribbed Hakea)
Hakea crassifolia
Hakea cristata
Hakea cucullata (Cup Hakea, Hooded Hakea, Scallops Hakea)
Hakea cyclocarpa (Curved Fruit Hakea. Ram's Horn, Wild Bean)
Hakea cycloptera (Elm-seed Hakea)
Hakea cygna (Swan-fruit Hakea)
Hakea dactyloides (Broad-leaved Hakea)
Hakea denticulata (Stinking Roger)
Hakea decurrens
Hakea divaricata (Corkbark, Needlewood)
Hakea dohertyi
Hakea drupacea (previously H. suaveolens - Sweet-scented Hakea)
Hakea elliptica (Oval-leaf Halea)
Hakea edneiana (Flinders Range Hakea, Yantana, Yandena)
Hakea eneabba
Hakea epiglottis
Hakea erecta
Hakea eriantha (Tree Hakea)
Hakea erinacea (Hedgehog Hakea)
Hakea eyreana (Straggly Corkbark, Fork-leaved Ironwood)
Hakea falcata (Sickle Hakea)
Hakea ferruginea
Hakea flabellifolia (Wedge Hakea)
Hakea florida (Summer Snow)
Hakea florulenta
Hakea francisiana (Bottlebrush Hakea, Emu Tree, Grass Leaf Hakea, Narakulja)
Hakea fraseri (Gorge Hakea)
Hakea gibbosa (Hairy Hakea, Rock Hakea)
Hakea gilbertii (Gilbert's Hakea)
Hakea grammatophylla
Hakea hastata
Hakea hookeriana (Barren Range Hakea)
Hakea horrida
Hakea ilicifolia (Holly-leaved Hakea)
Hakea incrassata (Marble Hakea)
Hakea invaginata
Hakea ivoryi (Ivory's Hakea, Corkbark Corkwood)
Hakea kippistiana
Hakea laevipes
Hakea lasiantha (Woolly-flowered Hakea)
Hakea lasianthoides
Hakea lasiocarpha (Long-styled Hakea)
Hakea laurina (Kodjet, Pincushion Hakea)
Hakea lehmanniana (Blue Hakea)
Hakea leucoptera (Needlewood Hakea, Pin Bush, Water Tree, Ilpeye (Arrernte ))
Hakea linearis
Hakea lissocarpha (Honeybush Hakea)
Hakea lissosperma (Mountain Needlewood)
Hakea longiflora
Hakea loranthifolia
Hakea lorea (Corkwood, Witinti)
Hakea maconochieana
Hakea macraeana (Willow Needlewood)
Hakea macrocarpa (Dogwood Hakea)
Hakea macrorhyncha
Hakea marginata
Hakea megadenia
Hakea megalosperma (Lesueur Hakea)
Hakea meisneriana
Hakea microcarpa (Small fruit Hakea, Adam's Needle)
Hakea minyma
Hakea mitchellii
Hakea muelleriana (Desert Hakea)
Hakea multilineata (Grass-leaved Hakea)
Hakea myrtoides (Myrtle Hakea)
Hakea neurophylla (Pink-flowered Hakea)
Hakea newbeyana
Hakea nitida (Frog Hakea, Shining Hakea, Tjiridi)
Hakea nodosa (Yellow Hakea)
Hakea obliqua (Needles & Corks)
Hakea obtusa
Hakea ochroptera
Hakea oleifolia (Dungyn, Olive-leaf Hakea)
Hakea orthorrhyncha (Bird Beak Hakea)
Hakea pachyphylla
Hakea pandanicarpa (Thick-leaved Hakea. Screw-Pine Hakea)
Hakea pedunculata
Hakea pendens
Hakea persiehana
Hakea petiolaris (Sea-urchin Hakea)
Hakea platysperma (Cricket Ball Hakea, Talking Women, Woody Peach)
Hakea plurinervia
Hakea polyanthema
Hakea preissii (Christmas Hakea, Needle Bush, Needle Tree)
Hakea pritzelii
Hakea propinqua
Hakea prostrata (Harsh Hakea)
Hakea psilorrhyncha (Needles and Corks)
Hakea pulvinifera
Hakea purpurea
Hakea pycnoneura
Hakea recurva (Djanokmurd, Standback)
Hakea repullulans
Hakea rhombales (Walukara)
Hakea rigida
Hakea rostrata (Beaked Hakea, Turkey Gobblers, Kidney Bush)
Hakea rugosa (Dwarf hakea, Wrinkled Hakea)
Hakea ruscifolia (Candle-spike Hakea)
Hakea salicifolia (Willow-leaved Hakea)
Hakea scoparia
Hakea sericea (Needlebush)
Hakea smilacifolia
Hakea spathulata
Hakea standleyensis
Hakea stenocarpa (Narrow-fruited Hakea)
Hakea stenophylla
Hakea strumosa
Hakea subsulcata
Hakea sulcata (Furrowed Hakes)
Hakea teretifolia (Dagger Hakea)
Hakea tephrosperma (Hooked Needlewood, Striped Hakea)
Hakea trifurcata (Two-leaf Hakea)
Hakea trineura
Hakea tuberculata
Hakea undulata (Wavy-leaved Hakea)
Hakea ulicina
Hakea varia (Variable-leaved Hakea)
Hakea verrucosa
Hakea victoria (Lantern Hakea, Royal Hakea)
Hakea vittata
References [ edit ]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hakea .
Barker WR, Barker RM, Haegi L (1999). "Hakea". In Wilson, Annette (ed.). Flora of Australia: Volume 17B: Proteaceae 3: Hakea to Dryandra . CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 1–170. ISBN 0-643-06454-0 .
Holliday Ivan (2005). Hakeas:a field and garden guide . Reed New Holland. ISBN 1-877069-14-0 .
Young, JA (2006). Hakeas of Western Australia : a field and identification guide . ISBN 978-0-9585778-2-3 .
^ "Hakea " . Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA . Retrieved 9 May 2015 .
^ Von Hake (*1745-1818*) was a Hanoverian official, among others serving as President of the Royal British and Electoral Brunswick-Lunenburgian Privy Council for the Duchies of Bremen and Verden in the years of 1800–1810.
^ Weston, P.H., and Barker, N.P. (2006). "A new suprageneric classification of the Proteaceae, with annotated checklist of genera" (PDF) . Telopea 11 : 314–344.
^ "Hakea chromatropa " . FloraBase . Department of Environment and Conservation , Government of Western Australia.
Hakea corymbosa from southwest WA
Hakea petiolaris from southwest WA
Hakea bakeriana from NSW Central Coast
Hakea archaeoides , from NSW North Coast
Hakea seed pod, ACT, Aust.
Flower of Hakea laurina (Pincushion Hakea) in Bonbeach, Victoria, Australia
External links [ edit ]