The Deccan Traps are a large igneous province located on the
Deccan Plateau of west-central
India (between 17°–24°
N, 73°–74°E) and one of the largest volcanic features on
Earth. They consist of multiple layers of solidified flood basalt that together are more than 2,
000 m (6,562 ft) thick and cover an area of
500,000 km2 (193,
051 sq mi) and a volume of 512,000 km3 (
123,000 cu mi).
The term "trap" has been used in geology since 1785–95 for such rock formations. It is derived from the
Swedish word for stairs (trapp, trappa) and refers to the step-like hills forming the landscape of the region.
The Deccan Traps began forming 66.250 million years ago, at the end of the
Cretaceous period. The bulk of the volcanic eruption occurred at the
Western Ghats (near
Mumbai) some
66 million years ago. This series of eruptions may have lasted less than 30,000 years in total.
The original area covered by the lava flows is estimated to have been as large as 1.5 million km², approximately half the size of modern
India. The Deccan Traps region was reduced to its current size by erosion and plate tectonics; the present area of directly observable lava flows is around 512,000 km2 (197,684 sq mi).
The release of volcanic gases, particularly sulfur dioxide, during the formation of the traps contributed to contemporary climate change.
Data points to an average drop in temperature of 2 °C in this period.
Because of its magnitude, scientists formerly speculated that the gases released during the formation of the
Deccan Traps played a role in the
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (also known as the K–Pg extinction), which included the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs.
Sudden cooling due to sulfurous volcanic gases released by the formation of the traps and localised gas concentrations may have contributed significantly to mass extinctions. However, the current consensus among the scientific community is that the extinction was triggered by the
Chicxulub impact event in
Central America (which would have produced a sunlight-blocking dust cloud that killed much of the plant life and reduced global temperature, called an impact winter).
Recent work by geologist
Gerta Keller and others on the timing of the
Deccan volcanism suggests the extinction may have been caused by both the volcanism and the impact event.
Source:
Wikipedia
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- published: 09 Apr 2013
- views: 6540