- published: 19 Jun 2012
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Monocoque (/ˈmɒnɵkɒk/ or /ˈmɒnɵkoʊk/) is a construction technique that supports structural load by using an object's external skin, as opposed to using an internal frame or truss that is then covered with a non-load-bearing skin or coachwork. The term is also used to indicate a form of vehicle construction in which the body and chassis form a single unit.
The word monocoque comes from the Greek for single (mono) and French for shell (coque). The technique may also be called structural skin or stressed skin. A semi-monocoque differs in having longerons and stringers. Most car bodies are not true monocoques, instead modern cars use unitary construction which is also known as unit body, unibody, or Body Frame Integral construction. This uses a system of box sections, bulkheads and tubes to provide most of the strength of the vehicle, to which the stressed skin adds relatively little strength or stiffness.
Early aircraft were constructed using internal frames, typically of wood or steel tubing, which were then covered (or skinned) with fabric such as irish linen or cotton.Aircraft dope was then applied which tightened the fabric and provided a smooth sealed surface necessary to prevent excessive drag. The skin added nothing to the structural strength of the airframe and was essentially dead weight beyond providing a smooth sealed surface. By thinking of the airframe as a whole, and not just the sum of its parts, it made sense to adopt a monocoque structure and it did not take long for various companies to adopt practices from the boat industry such as laminating thin strips of wood.[citation needed]
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