- published: 29 Jun 2014
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Rice wine, also known as mijiu, is an eastern alcoholic beverage made from rice, originally from China. Unlike European wine, which is made by fermentation of naturally occurring sugars in sweet grapes and other fruit, rice wine is made from the fermentation of rice starch that has been converted to sugars. The process is somewhat similar to the mashing process used in beer and whiskey production but differs in the source of the enzymes that convert starch to sugars. In rice and other cereal wines, microbes are the source of the enzymes whereas beer, ale and whiskey production utilizes the enzymes naturally occurring in sprouted barley.
Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize, according to 2012 FAOSTAT data.
Since a large portion of maize crops are grown for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.
Wild rice, from which the crop was developed, may have its native range in Australia. Chinese legends attribute the domestication of rice to Shennong, the legendary emperor of China and inventor of Chinese agriculture. Genetic evidence has shown that rice originates from a single domestication 8,200–13,500 years ago in the Pearl River valley region of China. Previously, archaeological evidence had suggested that rice was domesticated in the Yangtze River valley region in China.
Wine (from Latin vinum) is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes or other fruits. Due to a natural chemical balance, grapes ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine. These variations result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the terroir (the special characteristics imparted by geography, geology, climate and plant genetics) and subsequent appellation (the legally defined and protected geographical indication used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown), along with human intervention in the overall process.
Wine has been produced for thousands of years. The earliest evidence of wine to date was found in the country of Georgia, where 8000-year old wine jars were uncovered. Traces of wine have also been found in Iran with 7,000-year-old wine jars and in Armenia with the 6100-year old Areni-1 winery, which is considered to be the earliest known winery by far. The earliest form of grape-based fermented drink however, was found in northern China, where archaeologists discovered 9000-year old pottery jars. Wine had reached the Balkans by c. 4500 BC and was consumed and celebrated in ancient Greece, Thrace and Rome. Throughout history, wine has been consumed for its intoxicating effects, which are evident at normal serving sizes.
(Tere Bin Tere Bin Tanha Mann Hai
Tere Bin Tere Bin Khalipan Hai) (2)
Jaise Ho Aasman Suna Taaron Bina Woh Haal Hai
Lamaha Kate Nahi Palake Chapte Nahi Yeh Pyaar Hai
Yeh Pyaar Hai, Yeh Pyaar Hai, Yeh Pyaar Hai
Tere Bin Tere Bin Tere Bin Tanaha Mann Hai
Tere Bin Tere Bin Tere Bin Khalipan Hai
Meri Saansein Yeh Mujse Kehti Hai, Tujhmein Hi Meri Jaan Hai
(Jise Dena Apana Naam Hai, Bas Yahin Mera Kaam Hai) 2
Tere Bin Tere Bin Tere Bin Tere Bin Saans Aaye Na
Tere Bin Tere Bin Tere Bin Tere Bin Kuch Bhaye Na
Suni Ho Daali Jaise Phoolon Bina Woh Haal Hai
Ik Hai Parchayiya Apani Mile Bina Yeh Pyaar Hai
Yeh Pyaar Hai, Yeh Pyaar Hai
Meri Aankhein Kabhi Jo Uthti Hai, Teri Khatir Duwaaye Karti Hai
(Kismat Ka Yeh Ehsaan Hai, Iss Dil Mein Tera Naam Hai) 2
Tere Bin Tere Bin Tere Bin Tere Bin Saans Aaye Na
Tere Bin Tere Bin Tere Bin Tere Bin Kuchh Bhaaye Na
Jaise Ho Aasman Suna Taaron Bina Woh Haal Hai
Lamaha Kate Nahi Palke Chapte Nahi Yeh Pyaar Hai
Yeh Pyaar Hai, Yeh Pyaar Hai, Yeh Pyaar Hai, Yeh Pyaar Hai