- published: 04 Feb 2013
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Cumberland ( /ˈkʌmbərlənd/) is a historic county of North West England, on the border with Scotland, from the 12th century until 1974. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 (excluding Carlisle from 1914) and now forms part of Cumbria.
What was to become Cumberland had a complicated political history before the 12th century. The first record of the term "Cumberland" appears in 945, when the Anglo Saxon Chronicle recorded that the area was ceded to Malcolm I of Scotland by King Edmund of England. At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 most of the future county remained part of Scotland although some villages in the far south west, which were the possessions of the Earl of Northumbria, were included in the Yorkshire section with the Furness region.
In 1092 King William Rufus of England invaded the Carlisle district, settling it with colonists. He created an Earldom of Carlisle, and granted the territory to Ranulf Meschyn. In 1133 Carlisle was made the see of a new diocese, identical with the area of the earldom. However, on the death of King Henry I in 1135, the area was regained by Scotland's King David I. He was able to consolidate his power and made Carlisle one of his chief seats of government, while England descended into a lengthy civil war. In 1157 Henry II of England resumed possession of the area from Malcolm IV of Scotland, and formed two new counties from the former earldom: Westmorland and "Carliol". The silver-mining area of Alston, previously associated with the Liberty of Durham, was also added to the new county of Carliol for financial reasons. By 1177 the county of Carliol was known as Cumberland. The border between England and Scotland was made permanent by the Treaty of York in 1237.
Actors: Vasile Albinet (actor), Roy Scheider (actor), Lilly Hartley (actress), Bruce Nalepinski (producer), Lee Greenberg (writer), Lee Greenberg (director), Dan Flosdorf (miscellaneous crew),
Genres: Drama, Short,Actors: Jean Rochefort (actor), Jean Rochefort (actor), Vincent Perez (actor), Yves Pignot (actor), Philippe Dormoy (actor), Lionel Vitrant (actor), Gérald Laroche (actor), Jacques Dynam (actor), Jacques Frantz (actor), Guillaume Gallienne (actor), Didier Bourdon (actor), Philippe du Janerand (actor), Geoffrey Carey (actor), Hélène de Fougerolles (actress), Penélope Cruz (actress),
Plot: In this 2003 remake of the classic 1952 French film, Fanfan la Tulipe is a swashbuckling lover who is tricked into joining the army of King Louis XV by Adeline La Franchise, who tells Fanfan that by doing so, he will eventually marry one of the king's daughters.
Keywords: assault, female-nudity, jumping-through-a-window, narration, remake, ripping-clothes, swashbucklerActors: Brian Blessed (actor), Bob Carruthers (producer), Bob Carruthers (writer), Iain Cuthbertson (actor), Patrick Moore (editor), Bill Little (actor), David McWhinnie (producer), Andrew Craig (actor), Bill Little (actor), Robert Whitehouse (producer), Terry Molloy (actor), Peter Gordon (actor), Gary Russell (producer), Fish (actor), Mathew Zajac (actor),
Genres: War,