- published: 17 Jan 2014
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Ashraf (Arabic: أشرف) refers to someone claiming descent from Muhammad by way of his daughter Fatimah. The word is the plural of sharīf "noble", from sharafa "to be highborn". Ashraf, if pronounced with long ā in the second syllable (أشراف /ašrāf/) is the plural of Sharif, but with short a (أشرف /ašraf/) is the intensive of sharīf meaning "very noble", "nobler", "noblest".
Like the Sada (plural of Sayyid), Ashraf often take their names from ancestry from Ali, Fatima and Muhammad and have in many Muslim societies Ashraf evolved into an honorific denoting "master" or "gentry". More precisely, the Ashraf are descendants of Ali's elder son, Hassan, and the Sadah those of Ali's younger son Hussain.
During the Abbasid period, the term was applied to all Ahl al-Bait, basically Muhammad's own family, including, for example, the descendants of Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, of Ali's second wife and of the Hashemites. During the Fatimid Dynasty, the use of the term was restricted to the descendants of Hasan and Husayn only. This restriction remained in force even after Egypt became Sunni again under the Ayyubids.
Zakir Abdul Karim Naik (Urdu: ذاکر عبدالکریم نائیک; born 18 October 1965) is an Indian public speaker on the subject of Islam and comparative religion. He is the founder and president of the Islamic Research Foundation (IRF), a non-profit organisation that owns the Peace TV channel based in Dubai, UAE. He is sometimes referred to as a televangelist. Before becoming a public speaker, he trained as a doctor. He has written two booklets on Islam and comparative religion. He is regarded as an exponent of the Salafi ideology; he places a strong emphasis on individual scholarship and the rejection of "blind Taqlid", which has led him to repudiate the relevance of sectarian or Madh'hab designations, all the while reaffirming their importance.
Zakir Abdul Karim Naik was born on 18 October 1965 in Mumbai, India. He attended St. Peter's High School in Mumbai. Later he enrolled at Kishinchand Chellaram College, before studying medicine at Topiwala National Medical College and Nair Hospital and later the University of Mumbai, where he obtained a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS). His wife, Farhat Naik, works for the women's section of the IRF.
Mumtaz Hussain (1954 - ), artist, filmmaker, graphic designer, was born in Jhang, Pakistan, where he also began his education. Jhang is the center for Sufi culture in Pakistan, so Hussain was immersed in Sufi culture during his childhood. Hussain's early artistic education was informed by the medieval Indian figurative tradition. In 1981, he was admitted into the prestigious National College of Arts (NCA) in Lahore. NCA has produced many now famous contemporary Pakistani artists. During his time there, Hussain won the National Poster Competition, a coveted and highly selective award. Upon graduation, he was commissioned to construct a seventy-foot mural in Lahore's town center; he was also commissioned to decorate the Sheikh Zaid bin Sultan Palace, an architectural landmark in Karachi, under his instructors' supervision.
Hussain left Pakistan for London in 1981 to study European art forms. In 1988, he moved to New York to pursue graphic design at the School of Visual Art where his teachers included Milton Glaser, a world renown graphic designer and illustrator. Hussain also studied figure drawing and painting at the Art Students League of New York. His European and American art education introduced him to Cubism and Impressionism, which had a deep influence on his work. New York's multicultural atmosphere also helped Hussain develop a unique fusion of multiple customs and sources of inspiration, drawing on Eastern and Western styles both traditional and modern.
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