Prince-elector
The prince-electors (or simply electors) of the Holy Roman Empire (German: Kurfürst (
listen ), pl. Kurfürsten, Czech: Kurfiřt, Latin: Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having since the 13th century the privilege of electing the King of the Romans or, from the middle of the 16th century onwards, directly the Holy Roman Emperor.
The heir apparent to a lay prince-elector was known as an electoral prince (German: Kurprinz). The dignity of Elector carried great prestige and was second only to King or Emperor.
Overview
The Holy Roman Empire was in theory an elective monarchy, but from the 15th century onwards the electors often merely formalised what was a de facto dynastic succession within the Austrian House of Habsburg, with the title usually passing to the eldest surviving son of the deceased Emperor. Despite this, the office was not legally hereditary, and the heir could not title himself "Emperor" without having been personally elected.