Animals Wild Russia KAMCHATKA
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Kamchatka boasts diverse and abundant wildlife. This is due to climates ranging from temperate to subarctic, diverse topography and geography, many free-flowing rivers, proximity to highly productive waters from the northwestern
Pacific Ocean and the Bering and
Okhotsk Seas, and to the low human density and minimal development. It also boasts the southernmost expanse of
Arctic tundra in the world.
Commercial exploitation of marine resources and a history of fur trapping has taken its toll on several species.
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Kamchatka is famous for the abundance and size of its brown bears
. In the Kronotsky
Nature Preserve there are estimated to be three to four bears per
100 square kilometres. Other fauna of note include carnivores such as tundra wolf (
Canis lupus albus),
Arctic fox (
Vulpes lagopus)
Anadyr fox (
Vulpes vulpes beringiana),
East Siberian lynx (
Lynx lynx wrangeli), wolverine (Gulo gulo), sable (
Martes zibellina),
Eurasian otter (
Lutra lutra), East
Siberian stoat (Mustela ermine kaneii) and Siberian least weasel (
Mustela nivalis pygmaea). The peninsula hosts habitat for several large ungulates including the Kamchatka snow sheep, reindeer (
Rangifer tarandus), and Chukotka moose (
Alces alces burulini) one of the largest moose in the world and the largest in
Eurasia; and rodents/leporids, including mountain hare (
Lepus timidus), marmot, and several species of lemming and squirrel. The peninsula is the breeding ground for
Steller's sea eagle,[15] one of the largest eagle species, along with the golden eagle and gyr falcon.
Kamchatka contains probably the world's greatest diversity of salmonid fish, including all six species of anadromous
Pacific salmon (chinook, chum, coho, seema, pink, and sockeye). Due to its uniquely suitable environment, biologists estimate that a fifth of all Pacific salmon originates in Kamchatka.[16]
Kuril Lake is recognized as the biggest spawning-ground for sockeye in Eurasia.[17] In response to pressure from poaching and to worldwide decreases in salmon stocks, some 24,
000 square kilometres (9,
300 sq mi) along nine of the more productive salmon rivers are in the process of being set aside as a nature preserve. Stickleback species, particularly
Gasterosteus aculeatus and
Pungitius pungitius, also occur in many coastal drainages, and are likely present in freshwater as well.
Cetaceans that frequent the highly productive waters of the northwestern
Pacific and the
Okhotsk Sea include: orcas, Dall's and harbor porpoises, humpback whales, sperm whales and fin whales.
Less frequently, gray whales (from the eastern population), the critically endangered
North Pacific right whale and bowhead whale, beaked whales and minke whales are encountered.
Blue whale are known to feed off of the southeastern shelf in summer. Among pinnipeds,
Steller's sea lions, northern fur seals, spotted seals and harbor seals are abundant along much of the peninsula. Further north, walruses and bearded seals can be encountered on the Pacific side, and ribbon seals reproduce on the ice of
Karaginsky Bay.
Sea otters are concentrated primarily on the southern end of the peninsula.
Seabirds include northern fulmars, thick and thin-billed murres, kittiwakes, tufted and horned puffins, red-faced, pelagic and other cormorants, and many other species.
Typical of the northern seas, the marine fauna is likewise rich. Of commercial importance are
Kamchatka crab (king crab), scallop, squid, pollock, cod, herring, halibut and several species of flatfish.
- published: 24 Sep 2015
- views: 8435