हिन्द स्वराज्य Indian Home-rule Part-1

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• published: 08 Jan 2016
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निष्कर्ष के रूप में गांधीजी पाठकों को बतलाते हैं कि - (1) आपके मन का राज्य स्वराज है। (2) आपकी कुंजी सत्याग्रह, आत्मबल या करूणा बल है। (3) उस बल को आजमाने के लिए स्वदेशी को पूरी तरह अपनाने की जरूरत है। (4) हम जो करना चाहते हैं वह अंग्रेजों को सजा देने के लिए नहीं करें, बल्कि इसलिए करें कि ऐसा करना हमारार् कत्ताव्य है। मतलब यह कि अगर अंग्रेज नमक-कर रद्द कर दें, लिया हुआ धान वापस कर दें, सब हिन्दुस्तानियों को बड़े-बड़े ओहदे दे दें और अंग्रेजी लश्कर हटा लें, तब भी हम उनकी मिलों का कपड़ा नहीं पहनेंगे, उनकी अंग्रेजी भाषा काम में नहीं लायेंगे और उनकी हुनर-कला का उपयोग नहीं करेंगे। हमें यह समझना चाहिए कि हम वह सब दरअसल इसलिए नहीं करेंगे क्योंकि वह सब नहीं करने योग्य है। Gandhi's Hind Swaraj takes the form of a dialogue between two characters, The Reader and The Editor. The Reader essentially serves as the typical Indian countryman whom Gandhi would have been addressing with Hind Swaraj. The Reader voices the common beliefs and arguments of the time concerning Indian Independence. Gandhi, The Editor, explains why those arguments are flawed and interjects his own arguments. As 'The Editor' Gandhi puts it, "it is my duty patiently to try to remove your prejudice." In the dialogue that follows, Gandhi outlines four themes that structure his arguments. First, Gandhi argues that ‘Home Rule is Self Rule’. He argues that it is not enough for the British to leave only for Indians to adopt a British-styled society. As he puts it, some "want English rule without the Englishman ... that is to say, [they] would make India English. And when it becomes English, it will be called not Hindustan but Englishtan. This is not the Swaraj I want.” Gandhi also argues that Indian independence is only possible through passive resistance. In fact, more than denouncing violence, Gandhi argues that it is counter-productive; instead, he believes, “The force of love and pity is infinitely greater than the force of arms. There is harm in the exercise of brute force, never in that of pity.” This is essential throughout Hind Swaraj. To exert passive resistance, Gandhi reasons that Swadeshi (self-reliance) be exercised by Indians, meaning the refusal of all trade and dealings with the British. He addresses the English when he states, “If you do not concede our demand, we shall be no longer your petitioners. You can govern us only so long as we remain the governed; we shall no longer have any dealings with you." Gandhi makes an intriguing argument here: if the British want India for trade, remove trade from the equation. Finally, Gandhi argues that India will never be free unless it rejects Western civilization itself. In the text he is deeply critical of western civilization, claiming, “India is being ground down, not under the English heel, but under that of modern civilization." He speaks about civilization not just in relation to India, though. He argues that “Western civilization is such that one has only to be patient and it will be self destroyed." It is a profound repudiation. Not only is western civilization unhealthy for India, but western civilization is by its own virtue unhealthy.