RD

Rd or RD may refer to:

Military

Media and entertainment

People

Works

Rød (surname)

Rød is a Norwegian word for the color red and a common Norwegian surname. It may refer to

See also

Research and development

Research and Development (R&D), also known in Europe as research and technical (or technological) development (RTD), is a general term for activities in connection with corporate or governmental innovation. R&D is a component of Innovation and is situated at the front end of the Innovation lifecycle. Innovation builds on R&D and includes commercialization phases. The activities that are classified as R&D differ from company to company, but there are two primary models, with an R&D department being either staffed by engineers and tasked with directly developing new products, or staffed with industrial scientists and tasked with applied research in scientific or technological fields which may facilitate future product development. In either case, R&D differs from the vast majority of corporate activities in that it is not often intended to yield immediate profit, and generally carries greater risk and an uncertain return on investment.

Background

New product design and development is more often than not a crucial factor in the survival of a company. In an industry that is changing fast, firms must continually revise their design and range of products. This is necessary due to continuous technology change and development as well as other competitors and the changing preference of customers. Without an R&D program, a firm must rely on strategic alliances, acquisitions, and networks to tap into the innovations of others.

IP address

An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Its role has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there."

The designers of the Internet Protocol defined an IP address as a 32-bit number and this system, known as Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is still in use today. However, because of the growth of the Internet and the predicted depletion of available addresses, a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the address, was developed in 1995. IPv6 was standardized as RFC 2460 in 1998, and its deployment has been ongoing since the mid-2000s.

IP addresses are usually written and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 172.16.254.1 (IPv4), and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 (IPv6).

I3P

Founded in 1999 I3P, the Innovative Entreprise Incubator of the Polytechnic University of Turin (Politecnico di Torino) promotes science based businesses in relation with university researchers or entrepreneurs.

I3P is one of the best University Business Incubator and has been ranked 4th in Europe and 11th in 2013 world UBI (University Business Incubator) ranking.

In 2011 I3P launched a new incubator: Treatabit. This incubator is especially dedicated to digital businesses such as e-commerce, social web networking or web and mobile application.

Activity

I3P provides consulting services and open spaces to entrepreneurs and introduces the companies to investors, venture capitals and a large network of entrepreneurs and managers.

Key figures

156 start-ups launched

10-15 new start-ups per year

Owned prices

2013

Winners of the IX edition - Start CUP Piemonte Valle D'Aosta 2013

1st: 20.000€ Intoino

4th ex-equo (will take part in national Final): Scloby

2012

Winners of the VIII edition - Start CUP Piemonte Valle D'Aosta 2013

List of Intel chipsets

This article provides a list of motherboard chipsets made by Intel, divided into three main categories: those that use the PCI bus for interconnection (the 4xx series), those that connect using specialized "hub links" (the 8xx series), and those that connect using PCI Express (the 9xx series). The chipsets are listed in chronological order.

Pre-chipset situation

Early IBM XT-compatible mainboards did not have have chipset yet, but relied instead on a collection of discrete TTL chips by Intel:

Early chipsets

To integrate the functions needed on a mainboard into a smaller amount of ICs, Intel licensed the ZyMOS POACH chipset for its Intel 80286 and Intel 80386SX processors (the 82230/82231 High Integration AT-Compatible Chip Set). This chipset can be used with an 82335 High-integration Interface Device to provide support for the Intel 386SX.