Rome, Part 1: The Roman Republic

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• published: 11 Feb 2014
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This lesson looks at the beginnings of the Roman Republic as well as its later crises that led, in part, to the Roman Empire. Don't forget to hit the Like and Subscribe videos to make sure you receive notifications about upcoming Literature, Grammar, Reading, Writing, and World History lessons from MrBrayman.Info. Below is the outline of the slides used in the lesson: Rome, Part 1—The Roman Republic Remember Your Skills Periodization: What are the differences between Periods 1 and 2 of World History? SPICE: Social, Political, Interactions with the Environment, Cultural, Economic Characteristics of Civilizations (YOU CATEGORIZE NOW!!!) Compare and Contrast: This civilization with that civilization Continuity and Change: This is like comparing and contrasting over time. If it is the same across time, it's a continuity. If it changed from one time period to another, well, it's a change... Republic and Empire Republic has the root word "public" Republics are all democracies of one form of another, and they are generally made up of one people (the changes to the racial, religious, ethnic, and political characteristics of the American republic over the past century have changed how we think about this definition) Empires have a ruler (emperor) who is above the law and can change it single-handedly Empires are like kingdoms, but they are formed through the conquest of multiple other peoples and states The Origins of the Roman Republic Indo-European people who migrated into the Italian Peninsula beginning in 1000BCE Limited contacts with the Greeks Ruled by the Etruscans who absorbed and controlled the immigrants Origins of the Roman Republic Around 510 BCE, Roman aristocrats (who were ethnically different from their rulers, the Etruscans) rebelled and took control of the lands around Rome Adopted a king-less political structure—a res publica (republic) Characteristics of the Roman Republic Senate: elected by wealthy landowners and aristocrats Tribunes: elected by the lower classes (the plebeians); could challenge the actions of the Senate Consuls: also elected by the upper-classes to one-year terms; governed the Senate Twelve Tables of Roman Law Patronage Patronage: Wealthy and upper-class men gave money and support to lower-class men who worked for and were loyal to them Aka: Clientage—as in the lower classes are the clients of the upper Manhood and the Roman Army The best way for a man to rise in the Roman system was as a solder—gain land, slaves, plunder Manhood was proven by military success Consuls only had a year in office to gain glory as war leader (honors that went to a man's family and clients) Carthage and the Punic Wars Carthage was a Phoenecian kingdom in North Africa with holdings in Spain Rome felt threatened by Carthage (the reasons are suspect) The Punic Wars began in 264BCE and were a true existential war for both sides Hannibal's assault on Rome Roman victory brought with it almost genocidal revenge on Carthage Roman Expansionism Roman manhood and virtue Conquest of Spain and the atrocities there Conquest of Macedon and Greece following the collapse of the Antigonids Protectorate placed over Ptolemaic Egypt Slavery in the Roman Economy Crises and the Failure of the Republic Gracchus Brothers: Tiberius and Gaius tried to limit the power and size of large estates and expand citizenship Marius, a general, began to use plebeians and non-citizens in his very successful army, provoking a civil war against the Senate's general, Sulla Crises and the Failure of the Republic The quest for glory and rule climaxed in the Roman Civil War of 49BCE when Julius Caesar defeated Pompey, became "Consul for Life" (aka Dictator), and, in effect, first emperor of Rome The Assassination of Caesar The assassination of Caesar in 44BCE led to another civil war between Caesar's nephew Octavian and Caesar's general Marc Antony, husband of the Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatara Octavian's victory made him the first true emperor of Rome, Caesar Augustus Lesson CompletePart 2—Roman EmpirePart 3—Rome and Christianity