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Name | State of Paraná |
---|---|
Native name lang | pt |
Settlement type | State |
Map caption | Location of State of Paraná in Brazil |
Coordinates type | type:adm1st_region:BR-PR |
Coordinates display | inline,title |
Coordinates region | BR-PR |
Subdivision type | Country |
Subdivision name | |
Seat type | Capital and Largest City |
Seat | Curitiba |
Leader title | Governor |
Leader name | Carlos Alberto Richa |
Leader title1 | Vice Governor |
Leader name1 | Flávio Arns |
Unit pref | Metric |
Area magnitude | 1 E10 |
Area total km2 | 199314.9 |
Area rank | 9th |
Population total | 10,439,601 |
Population as of | 2010 census |
Population rank | 6th |
Population density km2 | auto |
Population density rank | 12th |
Population demonym | Paranaense |
Demographics type1 | GDP |
Demographics1 footnotes | |
Demographics1 title1 | Year |
Demographics1 info1 | 2006 estimate |
Demographics1 title2 | Total |
Demographics1 info2 | R$ 136,681,000,000 (5th) |
Demographics1 title3 | Per capita |
Demographics1 info3 | R$ 13,158 (7th) |
Demographics type2 | HDI |
Demographics2 footnotes | |
Demographics2 title1 | Year |
Demographics2 info1 | 2005 |
Demographics2 title2 | Category |
Demographics2 info2 | 0.820 – high (6th) |
Postal code type | Postal Code |
Postal code | 80000-000 to 86990-000 |
Timezone1 | BRT |
Utc offset1 | -3 |
Timezone1 dst | BRST |
Utc offset1 dst | -2 |
Iso code | |
Website | pr.gov.br |
The first missions of the Jesuits on the Paraná were situated just above the Guaíra Falls in this state and had reached a highly prosperous condition when the Indian slave hunters of São Paulo (called Bandeirantes) compelled them to leave their settlements and emigrate in mass to what is now the Argentine territory of Misiones. Their principal mission was known as Ciudad Real.
The territory was set apart from São Paulo in 1843. This move was opposed by most deputies from São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The Paulista deputies alleged that Pedro II of Brazil separated Paraná from them to weaken and punish São Paulo, which had been a prominent area of support for the liberal insurrection of 1842.
Waves of European immigrants started arriving after 1850, mainly Germans, Italians, Poles and Ukrainians. The development of the state is closely linked to the arrival of the immigrants.
By the early 20th century, the state had two railway systems: the Paranaguá to Curitiba (69 miles) (111 km) with an extension to Ponta Grossa (118 miles) (190 km) and branches to Rio Negro (55 miles) (89 km), Porto Amazonas (6 miles) (10 km) and Antonina (10 miles) (16 km); and the São Paulo and Rio Grande, which crosses the state from northeast to south-west from União da Vitória, on the Iguaçu, to a junction with the Sorocabana line of São Paulo at Itararé. The junction of the two systems was at Ponta Grossa, north-west of Curitiba.
The state has two geographic regions, a narrow coastal zone that is home to the Serra do Mar coastal forests, and a high plateau (2500 to 3000 ft.) (750 to 1000 m) whose precipitous, deeply eroded eastern escarpments are known as the Serra do Mar or Serra de Cubatão. The southern and central portions of the state is covered by the Araucaria moist forests, and has large tracts of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguayensis), known in Brazil as erva mate, used to make a tea called Chimarrão. The plateau slopes westward to the Paraná river, is well watered and moderately fertile, and has a remarkably uniform climate of a mild temperate character; the lower western and northern portions of the state are covered by the Paraná-Paraíba interior forests ecoregion.
The largest rivers in the state comprise the Paranapanema and its tributaries the Cinza and Tibaji, the Ivaí, Piquiri, Jejuy-guassu, and the Iguaçu with its principal tributary the Rio Negro. The Paranapanema and a small tributary, the Itarare', form the boundary line with São Paulo west of the Serra do Mar, and the Iguaçu and Negro, the boundary line with Santa Catarina and Argentina - both streams having their sources in the Serra do Mar and flowing westward to the Parana'. The other streams have shorter courses, and all are obstructed by falls and rapids. Twenty miles above the mouth of the Iguaçu are the Iguaçu Falls, 215 ft. (66 m) high, broken into twenty or more falls separated by rocks and islands, and surrounded by a wild, unsettled and wooded country. The surface of the plateau is undulating and the greater part is adapted to agricultural and pastoral purposes.
Urbanization: 84.5% (2006); Population growth: 1.4% (1991–2000); Houses: 3,177,000 (2006).
The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 7,601,000 White people (71.68%), 2,577,000 Brown (Multiracial) people (24.30%), 274,000 Black people (2.59%), 108,000 Asian people (1.02%), 38,000 Amerindian people (0.36%).
People of Polish descent predominate in the central and south regions, mainly around Curitiba (see: Morska Wola). Italians predominate in the capital, Curitiba and in the coast. People of Ukrainian descent predominate in a few cities, such as Prudentópolis; many Ukrainians are found throughout the state. Germans predominate in a few cities, such as Rolândia. The Portuguese and their descendants are present in large numbers in almost all towns.
People of mixed-race ancestry predominate in a few towns in the north. There is a sizeable Muslim Lebanese and Syrian community around Foz do Iguaçu. In the north, Japanese people are very numerous.
A genetic study found out that the ancestry of the average light skin person who may pass as "White" in Paraná is 80.6% European, 12.5% Black African and 7.0% Amerindian. The average darker skin peson who may pass as "Mulatto" is 49.5% Black African, 41.8% European and 8.7% Amerindian. However, another study has concluded that European ancestry is dominant throughout Brazil at 80%, except for the Southern part of Brazil, where the European heritage reaches 90% (Paraná included, all of the Paraná population, "whites", "pardos" and "blacks"). "A new portrayal of each ethnicity contribution to the DNA of Brazilians, obtained with samples from the five regions of the country, has indicated that, on average, European ancestors are responsible for nearly 80% of the genetic heritage of the population. The variation between the regions is small, with the possible exception of the South, where the European contribution reaches nearly 90%. The results, published by the scientific magazine 'American Journal of Human Biology' by a team of the Catholic University of Brasília, show that, in Brazil, physical indicators such as skin colour, colour of the eyes and colour of the hair have little to do with the genetic ancestry of each person, which has been shown in previous studies". Initially settled by the Guarani and Kaingang Amerindians, until the 17th century there was virtually no European presence in Paraná. The number of settlers grew around 1750 and the population was composed of Amerindians, Portuguese and some Spaniards. African slaves from Angola and Mozambique were also present, but in fewer numbers than in other Brazilian areas, because Paraná was a poor region that did not need much slave manpower. The immigration grew in the mid-19th century, mostly composed of Italian, German, Polish, Ukrainian, and Japanese peoples. While Poles and Ukrainians are present in Paraná, their presence in the rest of Brazil is almost absent. In the early 20th century there were two waves of migration to Paraná: one coming from the North, mostly of Portuguese, but also of African and Amerindian origin, and another from southern Brazil to the southwest and west, mostly of Portuguese, Italian and German origins.
Paraná has one of the highest standards of living in Brazil with relatively low crime levels, a special attention given to education and health and a Human Development Index of ~0.820, the 5th highest in Brazil.
Stadiums
Curitiba is one of the 12 host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Arena da Baixada, currently one of the most modern stadiums in South America, is the chosen venue, and is expected to host group, round of 16 and possibly quarter-final games. Even though it is far ahead of the average Brazilian stadiums in terms of safety, technology and infrastructure, it will go through a major transformation, with seating capacity expected to be nearly doubled, the pitch rotated by 90º and the arena completely closed with similar stands on all sides (today it has a much smaller single-tier stand in one side).
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