Kaufmann Kohler

Kaufmann Kohler (May 10, 1843, Fürth, Bavaria – January 28, 1926) was a German-born U.S. reform rabbi and theologian.

Life and work[link]

Kaufmann Kohler was born into a family of rabbis. He received his rabbinical training at Hassfurt, Höchberg near Würzburg, Mainz, Altona, and at Frankfurt am Main (under Samson Raphael Hirsch), and his university training at Munich, Berlin, Leipsic, and Erlangen (Ph.D. 1868; his thesis, "Der Segen Jacob's", was one of the earliest Jewish essays in the field of the higher Biblical criticism, and its radical character had the effect of closing to him the Jewish pulpit in Germany). Abraham Geiger, to whose Zeitschrift Kohler became a contributor at an early age, strongly influenced his career and directed his steps to America. In 1869 he accepted a call to the pulpit of the Beth-El congregation in Detroit; in 1871 he became rabbi of Chicago Sinai Congregation. In 1879 he succeeded his father-in-law, David Einhorn, as rabbi of Temple Beth-El, New York City; his brother-in-law, Emil Hirsch, becoming his successor in Chicago. Feb. 26, 1903, he was elected to the presidency of Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati.

From the time of his arrival in America, Kohler actively espoused the cause of Reform Judaism; he was one of the youngest members of the Philadelphia Jewish Rabbinical Conference of 1869, and in 1885 he convened the Pittsburgh Rabbinical Conference, which adopted the so-called "Pittsburgh Platform", on which Reform Judaism in America stands. While in Chicago he introduced Sunday lectures as supplementary to the regular Sabbath service. Kohler served for many years as president of the New York Board of Ministers, and was honorary president of the Central Conference of American Rabbis. He was editor-in-chief of the Sabbath Visito, a Jewish weekly for youth, from 1881 to 1882 and, with I. S. Moses, and Emil G. Hirsch, "The Jewish Reformer," a weekly, devoted to the interests of Reform Judaism, in 1886. He has for a number of years been deeply interested in the "Jewish Chautauqua" movement. Shortly before his departure from New York in 1903 he delivered a series of six lectures at the Jewish Theological Seminary on "Apocryphal Literature".

Kohler was always an active and prolific contributor to the Jewish and Semitic scientific press, European and American; among the periodicals to which he most frequently contributed scientific articles were Geiger's Zeitschrift, the journal of the German Oriental Society, Hebraica, the Jewish Quarterly Review, the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums, the Jewish Times, the American Hebrew, Menorah Monthly, Zeitgeist, and Unity.

Among his published scientific studies and lectures are:

• "On Capital Punishment" (1869);
• "The Song of Songs" (1877);
• "Backwards or Forwards," a series of lectures on Reform Judaism (1885);
• "Ethical Basis of Judaism" (1887);
• "Church and Synagogue in Their Mutual Relations" (1889);
• "A Guide to Instruction in Judaism" (1899)

He also edited the German collected writings of David Einhorn (1880).

References[link]

• Who's Who in America, 1904;
• Isaac Markens, The Hebrews in America, pp. 288-289;
• American Jewish Year Book, 5664;
• The American Hebrew, Sept. 18, 1891;
• Leon Hühner, in The Jewish Exponent, March 13, 1903.
• Tobias Brinkmann, Sundays at Sinai: A Jewish Congregation in Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012), link: <http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/S/bo12986248.html>

Article References[link]

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  Jewish Encyclopedia. 1901–1906. 

By Cyrus Adler

External links[link]

Wikisource has the text of the 1920 Encyclopedia Americana article Kohler, Kaufmann.

• Chicago Sinai Congregation
• Temple Beth El, Detroit
• Kaufmann Kohler and the Rise of Reform Judaism in America
• JEWISH THEOLOGY SYSTEMATICALLY AND HISTORICALLY CONSIDERED BY DR. K. KOEHER (sic)

Kaufmann outside London's Royal Opera House following the dress rehearsal for Tosca on 9 May 2008

Jonas Kaufmann (born 10 July 1969) is a German operatic tenor. Although he has sung a variety of leading roles including both the Mozart and Wagner repertoire, he is particularly known for his performances in spinto roles such as Don José in Carmen, Cavaradossi in Tosca, Maurizio in Adriana Lecouvreur, and the title role in Don Carlos.^[1]

Early life and education[link]

Kaufmann was born in Munich. His father worked for an insurance company, and his mother was a kindergarten teacher. He had one older sister. He started studying piano when he was eight, and he sang in his elementary school choir. Although he studied for math entrance exams, in the summer of 1989 he began his vocal training at the University of Music and Performing Arts Munich. While studying, he sang some small roles at the Bavarian State Opera. He graduated from school in 1994.^[2]

In 1995, after a vocal crisis, Kaufmann received help from American baritone Michael Rhodes who taught him a "new way of singing" and how to become "more relaxed in my voice and in myself."^[3] In Kaufmann's book Meinen die wirklich mich? he said, "To find a Michael Rhodes that can really help you and bring you to success is really a great stroke of luck."^[4]

Career[link]

He began his professional career at Staatstheater Saarbrücken in 1994^[5] and was soon invited to make debuts in German theaters such as the Stuttgart Opera and Hamburg State Opera, as well as international debuts at the Lyric Opera of Chicago, Opéra National de Paris, and La Scala. He made his Salzburg Festival debut in 1999 in a new production of Busoni's Doktor Faust and returned there in 2003 as Belmonte in Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail and for concerts of the Beethoven's Ninth with the Berlin Philharmonic.

He performed in Covent Garden in 2006-2007 in the role of Don José in Bizet's Carmen to critical acclaim, and also sang Alfredo in Giuseppe Verdi's La Traviata at the Metropolitan Opera and in Covent Garden in 2008. In May 2008, Kaufmann made his role debut as Cavaradossi in Puccini's Tosca in Covent Garden, again to critical acclaim.^[6]

In 2008-09 he performed Manon in Chicago opposite Natalie Dessay and in the title role of a new production of Lohengrin at the Bavarian State Opera. He also sang Lohengrin at the Bayreuth Festival opening night performance of the 2010 season; the production was staged by Hans Neuenfels and conducted by Andris Nelsons.

His debut recording with Decca, Romantic Arias, was released in January 2008. He has also recorded a Schubert song cycle on the same label and the role of Pinkerton in Madama Butterfly for EMI.

In January 2010 he assumed the title role in Jules Massenet's Werther at the Opera Bastille; the performance was recorded and released on DVD in November 2010.

In April 2011 he returned to the Metropolitan Opera as Siegmund in director Robert Lepage's new production of Richard Wagner's Die Walküre the second part of his much larger work Der Ring des Nibelungen, scheduled to be presented in its entirety during the 2011-12 season.^[7] In September 2011, he underwent surgery to remove a lymph node from his chest.^[8][9][10] In December, he was back, performing the title role in Gounod's Faust.^[11]

Personal life[link]

Kaufmann is married to mezzo-soprano Margarete Joswig. They have three children and live in Zürich, Switzerland.^[12]

Repertoire[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2012)

Kaufmann's repertoire includes the following:

• Abert: Ekkehard - title role
• Beethoven: Fidelio - Florestan, Jaquino
• Berlioz: La damnation de Faust - Faust
• Bizet: Carmen - Don José
• Cilea: Adriana Lecouvreur - Maurizio
• Gounod: Faust - title role
• Humperdinck: Königskinder - Königssohn
• Massenet: Manon - Des Grieux
• Massenet: Werther - title role
• Monteverdi:Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria - Telemaco
• Monteverdi:L'incoronazione di Poppea - Nerone
• Loewe: Drei Wünsche- Hassan
• Mozart: Così fan tutte - Ferrando
• Mozart: Die Zauberflöte - Tamino
• Mozart: Idomeneo - title role
• Mozart: Die Entführung aus dem Serail - Belmonte
• Mozart: La Clemenza di Tito - Tito
• Paer: Leonora - Florestano
• Paisiello: Nina, o sia La pazza per amore - Un Pastore + Lindoro
• Puccini:La Rondine - Ruggero
• Puccini: La bohème - Rodolfo
• Puccini: Tosca - Cavaradossi
• Rossini: Il Barbiere Di Siviglia - Almaviva
• Schubert: Fierrabras - title role
• Marc Schubring: Cyrano de Bergerac - Christian
• Smetana: The Bartered Bride - Hans
• Verdi:Falstaff - Fenton
• Verdi: La traviata - Alfredo
• Verdi: Otello - Cassio
• Verdi: Rigoletto - Duca
• Verdi: Don Carlos - title role
• Wagner: Tannhäuser- Walther
• Wagner: Parsifal - title role
• Wagner: Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg - Walther
• Wagner: Die Walküre - Siegmund
• Wagner: Lohengrin - title role

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website jonaskaufmann.com
• Jonas Kaufmann on bach-cantatas
• Unofficial Website

Juliane Köhler
Juliane Köhler (2009)
Born	(1965-08-06) 6 August 1965 (age 46) Göttingen, Germany
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1985 – present

Juliane Köhler (born August 6, 1965) is a German theatre, television and film actress.

Köhler was born in Göttingen to a puppeteer. From 1985-88 she studied under Uta Hagen in New York City and attended the HB acting studio. She also received ballet instruction from Daniela Glück in Munich, Bavaria. Since her first appearance at Hanover's Lower Saxon State Theatre in 1988, she has regularly appeared in German theatre productions.

Köhler performed in an ensemble cast of the Bavarian State Theatre from 1993-97. She left the company because her filming of Aimée & Jaguar interfered with rehearsals for a production of Das Käthchen von Heilbronn. She later returned to Munich to participate with the Munich Kammerspiele.

She has starred in the 1999 film Aimée & Jaguar (as Lilly Wust, or Aimée), the 2001 film Nowhere in Africa (as Jettel Redlich), the 2004 film Downfall (as Eva Braun) and played the role of Christina in Eden Is West (2009).

Awards[link]

• 1998 Bavarian Film Award for Best Actress, Aimée & Jaguar.

[1]

• 1999 49th Berlin International Film Festival - Silver Bear for Best Actress^[1]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Juliane Köhler at the Internet Movie Database

Robert Andrew "Bob" Kohler (17 May 1926 - 5 December 2007) was a gay rights pioneer. A native of Queens, New York, Kohler was a lifetime queer activist in New York City, who also fought for the rights of many other people and animals. He was at the Stonewall riots, and considered a father figure to many of the young trans people, such as Sylvia Rivera and Marsha P. Johnson, as well as to younger generations of activists.

Kohler served in the U. S. Navy in the South Pacific Theater during World War II, was the manager of the New York gay bathhouse, Club Baths, was among the first agents to represent non-famous Black artists, owner of the popular gay store The Loft on Christopher Street, and a lifelong activist.^{[1] [2]}

He died of lung cancer on December 5, 2007, at the age of 81, in the Charles Street (West Village) apartment that he had lived in for 45 years. ^[3]

Activism[link]

Though Kohler is best known for his role at the Stonewall riots and his early involvement with the Gay Liberation Front, he was active with many movements and groups, including the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Black Panther Party, Act Up, Sex Panic, the Neutral Zone, the New York City AIDS Housing Network (NYCAHN), Irish Queers, Fed Up Queers, animal rights groups, and FIERCE!

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• IrishQueers.org
• Bob's Queers: Dedicated to the life, activism, and legacy of Bob Kohler

References[link]

• Carter, David (2004). Stonewall: The Riots That Sparked The Gay Revolution. St. Martin's Press, New York. ISBN 0-312-34269-1.
• Duberman, Martin (1993). Stonewall New York, Dutton, New York. ISBN 0-452-27206-8.
• Deitcher, David (1995). The Question of Equality: Lesbian and Gay Politics in America Since Stonewall. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. ISBN 0-684-80030-6.
• Shepard, Hayduk and Benjamin, Ronald (2002). From ACT UP to the WTO: Urban Protest and Community Building in the Era of Globalization. Verso, London. ISBN 1-85984-356-5.
• Sycamore, Mattilda Bernstein (2008). That's Revolting: Queer Strategies for Resisting Assimilation. Soft Skull Press, Inc., New York City. ISBN 1-932360-56-5.

Liv Ullmann
Liv Ullmann at Cannes in 2000.
Born	Liv Johanne Ullmann (1938-12-16) 16 December 1938 (age 73) Tokyo, Japan
Occupation	Actress/Director
Years active	1957–present
Religion	Christianity[1][2]
Spouse	Gappe Stang (1960–1965) Donald Richard Saunders (1985–present)

Liv Johanne Ullmann (born 16 December 1938) is a Norwegian actress and film director, as well as one of the "muses" of the Swedish director Ingmar Bergman. Nominated five times for a Best Actress Golden Globe, winning once for The Emigrants, Ullmann has also been nominated for the Palme d'Or, two times for the Academy Award, and two times for a BAFTA Film Award.

Personal life[link]

Ullmann was born in Tokyo, Japan, the daughter of Janna (née Lund) and Viggo Ullmann, an aircraft engineer who was working in Tokyo at the time.^[3] At age two, the family moved to Toronto, Canada where her father worked at the Norwegian air force base on Toronto Island during World War II.^[4] Four years later, her father died of a brain tumor, an event that affected her deeply.^[4] After the war, the rest of the family moved to Trondheim, Norway, where Ullman spent the rest of her youth. She currently resides in Boston, Massachusetts.

Career[link]

Ullmann began her acting career on the Norwegian stage in the mid 1950s. She continued to act in the theatre for most of her career, and became noted for her portrayal of Nora in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House, but became wider known once she started to work with eminent Swedish film director Ingmar Bergman. She went on to act to significant acclaim in 10 of his most admired films, including Persona in 1966, The Passion of Anna in 1969, Cries and Whispers in 1972 and Autumn Sonata, in which her co-star, Ingrid Bergman, made her return to Swedish cinema. She co-starred often with Swedish actor and fellow Bergman collaborator, Erland Josephson, with whom she made the 1973 Swedish television drama, Scenes from a Marriage, which was also edited to feature-film length and distributed theatrically. Ullmann appeared with Laurence Olivier in Richard Attenborough's A Bridge Too Far in 1977.

Nominated more than 40 times for awards, including various lifetime achievement awards, she won the best actress prize three times from the National Society of Film Critics, three times from the National Board of Review, received three awards from the New York Film Critics Circle and a Golden Globe. In 1971, Ullmann was nominated for the Best Actress Academy Award for The Emigrants, and again in 1976 for Face to Face.

In 1973 Ullmann made her New York stage debut in the unsuccessful Broadway revival of I Remember Mama. The show underwent numerous revisions during a long preview period, then closed after 108 performances. She also starred in the nearly universally panned film remake of Lost Horizon in 1973.

Ullmann's first film as a director was 1992's Sofie, in which she directed her friend and former co-star, Erland Josephson. She went on to direct the Bergman-penned Faithless and in 2003 reprised her role from Scenes from a Marriage in Saraband, Bergman's final telemovie. Faithless garnered nominations for both the Palme d'Or and Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival.

In 1984, she chaired the jury at the 34th Berlin International Film Festival,^[5] and in 2002 chaired the jury of Cannes Film Festival. She introduced her daughter, Linn Ullmann, to the audience with the words: "Here comes the woman whom Ingmar Bergmann loves the most". Her daughter was there to receive the Prize of Honour on behalf of her father; she would return to take a place on the jury herself in 2011. In 2006 Ullmann announced that she'd been forced to give up on her dream of making a film based on A Doll's House. According to her statement, the Norwegian Film Fund was blocking her and writer Kjetil Bjørnstad from pursuing the project. Australian actress Cate Blanchett and British actress Kate Winslet had been cast intended in the lead roles in the movie. She later directed Blanchett in A Streetcar Named Desire (play) at the Sydney Theatre Company in Australia, which ran September through October 2009, and then continued from 29 October to 21 November 2009 at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC, where it won a Helen Hayes Award for Outstanding Non-resident Production as well as actress and supporting performer for 2009. The play was also mounted at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York.

Ullmann narrated the Canada/Norway co-produced animated short film The Danish Poet, which won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film at the 79th Academy Awards in 2007.

On 10 December 2010, Ullmann participated in the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony. She read "I have no Enemies," the words of 2010 Peace Prize Laureate Liu Xiaobo, a human rights advocate imprisoned in China. In Mr. Liu's absence, the medal and diploma were placed on an empty chair on the stage.

She published two autobiographies, Changing and Choices in the late 1970s, during which time she became a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador.

Private life[link]

In addition to Norwegian, Ullmann speaks Swedish, English and other European languages. She is a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador^[6] and has traveled widely for the organization. She is also co-founder and honorary chair of the Women's Refugee Commission. In 2005, King Harald V of Norway made Ullmann a Commander with Star of the Order of St. Olav.^[7] In 2006, she received a PhD honoris causa from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.^[8]

Ullmann has been married and divorced twice. Her first marriage was to Hans Jacob Stang, a Norwegian psychiatrist, whom she divorced in 1965. According to her biographer, Ketil Bjørnstad, the marriage was marred by infidelities on both sides. In the 1980s, she married Boston real estate developer Donald Saunders, whom she divorced in 1995. The couple continued to live together until 2007.^[9]

She has one child, Linn Ullmann, fathered by Ingmar Bergman in 1966; the two lived together for five years. Ullmann has two grandchildren, a boy and a girl, from her daughter's two marriages.

Filmography[link]

• The Danish Poet won its director Torill Kove the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film at the 79th Academy Awards.

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Robert Emmet Long, ed. (2006), Liv Ullmann: Interviews. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1-57806-823-1, 1-57806-824-X (paper). Collected interviews with Ullmann
• Liv Ullmann (1984), Choices. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-53986-9. ISBN 978-0-394-53986-7. Autobiography
• David Outerbridge (1979), Without Makeup, Liv Ullmann: A Photo-Biography. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-03441-1
• Liv Ullmann (1977), Changing. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-41148-X. Autobiography

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Liv Ullmann

• Liv Ullmann at the Internet Movie Database
• Liv Ullmann at the TCM Movie Database
• Liv Ullmann at the Internet Broadway Database
• Liv Ullmann on Charlie Rose
• Works by or about Liv Ullmann in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Liv Ullmann collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• Liv Ullmann at the Notable Names Database
• The Guardian/NFT interview with Shane Danielson, 23 January 2001
• Peter Bradshaw review of Trolösa, The Guardian, 9 February 2001