- published: 26 Sep 2013
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Hamartiology (Greek: ἁμαρτία, hamartia, "missing the mark," "sin," + -λογια, -logia, "sayings" or "discourse") is the branch of Christian theology which aims to develop and articulate a doctrine of the biblical concept of sin.[citation needed]
Substantial branches of hamartiological understanding subscribe to the doctrine of original sin, which the Apostle Paul is claimed to have espoused in Romans 5:12-19 and which was popularized in the West and developed into a notion of "hereditary guilt" by Augustine of Hippo. The North African bishop taught that God holds all the descendants of Adam and Eve accountable for Adam's sin of rebellion, and as such all people deserve God's wrath and condemnation apart from any actual sins they personally commit.
In contradistinction, a view sometimes ascribed to Pelagius states that humans enter life as moral tabula rasae and responsible for their own moral nature. The Fall that occurred when Adam and Eve disobeyed God, according to Pelagianism, affected humankind only minimally as it established a negative moral precedent. Few contemporary theologians (especially thinkers in Augustinian traditions) and no orthodox theologians, however, continue to hold this hamartiological viewpoint.
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