- published: 11 May 2012
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In phylogenetics, an autapomorphy is a distinctive anatomical feature, known as a derived trait, that is unique to a given taxon. That is, it is found only in one taxon, but not found in any others or outgroup taxa, not even those most closely related to the focal taxon (which may be a species, family or in general any clade. It can therefore be considered an apomorphy in relation to a single taxon. The word autapomorphy, first introduced in 1950 by German entomologist Willi Hennig, is derived from the Greek words αὐτός, aut- = "self"; ἀπό, apo = "away from"; and μορφή, morphḗ = "shape".
Because autapomorphies are only present in a single taxon, they do not convey information about relationship. Therefore, autapomorphies are not useful to infer phylogenetic relationships. However, autapomorphy, like synapomorph and plesiomorphy is a relative concept depending on the taxon in question. An autapomorphy at a given level may well be a synapomorphy at a less-inclusive level. An example of an autapomorphy can be described in modern snakes. Snakes have lost the two pairs of legs that characterize all of Tetrapoda, and the closest taxa to Ophidia - as well as their common ancestors - all have two pairs of legs. Therefore, the Ophidia taxon presents an autapomorphy with respect to its absence of legs.
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The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a marine mammal belonging to the baleen whales (Mysticeti). At 30 metres (98 ft) in length and 180 tonnes (200 short tons) or more in weight, it is the largest extant animal and is the heaviest known to have existed.
Long and slender, the blue whale's body can be various shades of bluish-grey dorsally and somewhat lighter underneath. There are at least three distinct subspecies: B. m. musculus of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, B. m. intermedia of the Southern Ocean and B. m. brevicauda (also known as the pygmy blue whale) found in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean. B. m. indica, found in the Indian Ocean, may be another subspecies. As with other baleen whales, its diet consists almost exclusively of small crustaceans known as krill.
Blue whales were abundant in nearly all the oceans on Earth until the beginning of the twentieth century. For over a century, they were hunted almost to extinction by whalers until protected by the international community in 1966. A 2002 report estimated there were 5,000 to 12,000 blue whales worldwide, in at least five groups. More recent research into the Pygmy subspecies suggests this may be an overestimate. Before whaling, the largest population was in the Antarctic, numbering approximately 239,000 (range 202,000 to 311,000). There remain only much smaller (around 2,000) concentrations in each of the eastern North Pacific, Antarctic, and Indian Ocean groups. There are two more groups in the North Atlantic, and at least two in the Southern Hemisphere. As of 2014, the Californian blue whale population has rebounded to nearly its pre-hunting population.
Paul Andersen shows you how to construct a cladogram from a group of organisms using shared characteristics. He also discusses the process of parsimony in cladogram construction. He then explains how modern cladograms are constructed and walks through a cladogram of primates. Intro Music Atribution Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav Artist: CosmicD Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/ Creative Commons Atribution License
Video shows what autapomorphy means. A derived trait that is unique to a particular taxon. Autapomorphy Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say autapomorphy. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
What does autapomorphy mean? A spoken definition of autapomorphy. Intro Sound: Typewriter - Tamskp Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Outro Music: Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Intro/Outro Photo: The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson Licensed under CC-BY-2.0 Book Image: Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Text derived from: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/autapomorphy Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM
synapomorphy apomorphy plesiomorphy
Distinguish between symplesiomorphy, synapomorphy and homoplasy
Learn how to say Autapomorphy correctly with EmmaSaying's "how do you pronounce" free tutorials http://www.emmasaying.com
This video shows you how to pronounce Autapomorphy
Video shows what autapomorphic means. Describing any characteristic that has evolved in only a single species (or other taxon). Autapomorphic Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say autapomorphic. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
006 - Phylogenetics Paul Andersen discusses the specifics of phylogenetics. The evolutionary relationships of organisms are discovered through both morphological and molecular data. A specific type of phylogenetic tree, the cladogram, is also covered. Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos: http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/ All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circulatory-system-warm-blooded-bg.jpg. B, Lennert. English: Modification of Original Schematic, March 5, 2012. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Circulatory-system-reptiles-bg.jpg/508px-Circulatory-system-reptiles-bg.jpg. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reptilian_circulatory_system.PNG...
Paul Andersen shows you how to construct a cladogram from a group of organisms using shared characteristics. He also discusses the process of parsimony in cladogram construction. He then explains how modern cladograms are constructed and walks through a cladogram of primates. Intro Music Atribution Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav Artist: CosmicD Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/ Creative Commons Atribution License
Video shows what autapomorphy means. A derived trait that is unique to a particular taxon. Autapomorphy Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say autapomorphy. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
What does autapomorphy mean? A spoken definition of autapomorphy. Intro Sound: Typewriter - Tamskp Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Outro Music: Groove Groove - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Intro/Outro Photo: The best days are not planned - Marcus Hansson Licensed under CC-BY-2.0 Book Image: Open Book template PSD - DougitDesign Licensed under CC:BA 3.0 Text derived from: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/autapomorphy Text to Speech powered by TTS-API.COM
synapomorphy apomorphy plesiomorphy
Distinguish between symplesiomorphy, synapomorphy and homoplasy
Learn how to say Autapomorphy correctly with EmmaSaying's "how do you pronounce" free tutorials http://www.emmasaying.com
This video shows you how to pronounce Autapomorphy
Video shows what autapomorphic means. Describing any characteristic that has evolved in only a single species (or other taxon). Autapomorphic Meaning. How to pronounce, definition audio dictionary. How to say autapomorphic. Powered by MaryTTS, Wiktionary
006 - Phylogenetics Paul Andersen discusses the specifics of phylogenetics. The evolutionary relationships of organisms are discovered through both morphological and molecular data. A specific type of phylogenetic tree, the cladogram, is also covered. Do you speak another language? Help me translate my videos: http://www.bozemanscience.com/translations/ All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circulatory-system-warm-blooded-bg.jpg. B, Lennert. English: Modification of Original Schematic, March 5, 2012. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Circulatory-system-reptiles-bg.jpg/508px-Circulatory-system-reptiles-bg.jpg. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reptilian_circulatory_system.PNG...